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考研一族写作得分多--图画作文功能段落

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考研一族写作得分多--图画作文功能段落

篇1:考研一族写作得分多--图画作文功能段落

考研一族写作得分多--图画作文功能段落

今天我继续讲授大作文的复习方法---背诵和模仿功能段落。在暑假讲授考研写作时就提出了考研英语ESSAY写作十大学术功能段落的概念,从此成为各类考研写作课的必讲内容。所谓功能段落,简而言之,就是用于完成一个要点的表述的段落。以图画作文而言,通常包括三个要点,那么它就包含三个功能段落:图画描述段、意义阐释段与建议措施段。关于意义阐释段,前面已经有详细论述,所以这里只给出图画描述段与建议措施段,可以背诵和模仿,与前面学习的套话相互补充。

图画描述段:

As is shown in the picture, trees play a vital role in water and soil conservation. In the left hand picture, people are fleeing from voracious sand dunes because they cut down all the trees. The caption reads, “As the sand advances, we retreat.” In the right hand picture, the people have returned carrying tools, water, and saplings for the reforestation of the land. The caption reds: “As we advance, the sand retreats.”

建议措施段:

In my opinion, it is imperative to take steps to reverse the disturbing trend illustrated in the charts. One measure would be to forbid the building of cities in areas where wildlife is threatened with extinction. But, more importantly, man must learn to stop polluting the environment, or he himself will become extinct.

上面两个段落中的粗体字都是套话,第一个段落里的套话适合描述两幅图画时使用,而第二个段落里的套话适合谈论一个社会问题的`解决方案时使用。

除了图画作文,图表作文与命题作文虽然不是大作文考试的重点,但是也要了解一下。其实这三类作文是相通的,不过载体不同而已。关于图表作文,考生可以看看的作文。命题作文是19以前的考试题型,而且考生对它的写法非常熟悉,因此无需赘述。

篇2:考研一族大小写作得分多--图画作文结构

考研一族大小写作得分多--图画作文结构

图画作文是考研大作文的主要出题类型,考生必须特别重视。目前已经到了考研复习的收官阶段,考生应该对照评分标准确定自己的强项,在考试时加以发扬,同时找出自己的弱项,加以克服。首先请看两个重要的评分标准:

20-17分 内容切题,包括题中所列的各项要求;清楚表达其内涵,文字连贯;句式有变化,句子结构和用词正确,文章长度符合要求。

16-13分 内容切题,包括题中所列的各项要求;比较清楚地表达其内涵,文字基本连贯;句式有一定变化,句子结构和用词错误较少。文章长度符合要求。

简而言之,优秀的作文应该:

1.包括题目中要求的全部要点;

2.结构规范清晰;

3.词汇丰富、句子结构有变化。

当然,最基本的要求是不离题,而且字数(160-200词)符合要求。下面以大作文的一篇高分范文为例说明高分作文的特征,考生可以将自己的文章与之对照,从而对自己可以提高的地方有直观的认识。

20大作文(关于崇拜Beckham的)

Directions:

Study the following photos carefully and write an essay in which you should:

1) describe the photos briefly,

2) interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and

3) give you point of view.

You should write 160-200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. (20 points)

范文

More and more young people are increasingly influenced by foreign culture. As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman puts “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style. It is clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon in our society today: more and more people, especially the young, are endlessly chasing popular things, disregarding the cost that they must pay.

There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the main reason. Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Last but not least, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As a result, they can pay for the expense to do that kind of things. There may be other reasons for it, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly acceptable.

As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign culture in our society is not a bad thing. But as a popular saying goes, every thing has two sides. This phenomenon is without exception. My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand, people should take a proper attitude toward this phenomenon. On the other hand, our society is expected to appeal to the general public to resist its bad effect. I am sure that my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

本文的得分是18分,因为它基本符合20-17分的评分标准:

1.包括了问题中的三个要点:

第一段,描述图画;第二段,阐述图画含义;第三段,提出建议措施。

2.结构规范清晰

图画作文一般写三段,各段的内容分配上面已经阐述。这是大的结构安排。本文做到了这一点。具体到各段,还有小结构的安排问题。例如,在第一段中,如果涉及的'图画有两幅,每幅图至少用一句话描述。本文就是这么做的:

As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman puts “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style.

在第二段中,一般根据题目的提纲的提示,要么阐述一段所说的现象的原因,通常写2-3条,要么举例说明图画所反映的问题。在本文的第二段,考生在首句交代本段要从三个方面阐述原因:There are at least three good reasons for this phenomenon,接下来以三个关联词提示三个原因:In the first place…Secondly…Last but not least…。

在最后一段中,考生明确告诉阅卷老师自己提出了建议措施:My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand…On the other hand…。

三.用词准确、句子结构有变化

像disregard (第一段末)、cope with(末段中间)与 appeal to(末段倒数第二句)等词与词组的使用表明考生的用词比较准确。与此同时,像被动语态、形式主语、各种复合句的使用也说明考生的句子结构不单调。

除了上面的优点,范文也有一些不足之处,使它被扣掉2分。最严重的问题是:第二段的三点理由其实只是两点,因为第二点 “Secondly, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things.” 仅仅是对第一点的具体说明,而非与第一点相并列的另一点。

综上所述,一篇高分大作文既要注意整体结构上的完整与规范,如包含提纲中的全部要点,又要注意微观上,即段落内部结构的完整。

篇3:考研一族大小写作得分多--图画作文套话

考研一族大小写作得分多--图画作文套话

在上一篇文章中,我着重谈到了图画作文的结构问题。临近考试,不少考生希望背一些模版,或套话,这是可以理解的。写套话能凑字数,也能使自己的文章在结构上趋近大作文的要求。从这个意义上来说,可以使用套话,有时甚至必须使用套话。另一方面,套话过多,或者说全文都是一些空洞无物、不痛不痒,根本不涉及所考图画具体内容的套话,最终判分不可能高,甚至会很低。有鉴于此,我主张用套话提示文章的大结构、段落的小结构,具体内容应该自己填充。其实,即算是这样,套话已经不少了。所以考生不要担心自己的字数不够。以前面分析过的范文(其中明显的.语法与用词错误已改正)为例,看看哪些话是可以套用的。

More and more young people are increasingly influenced by foreign culture. As can be clearly seen from the above picture, a young gentleman has put “Beckham” on his face. Another decently dressed young gentleman is willing to pay 300 yuan to have his hair made in his favorite style. It is clear that the picture implies a common phenomenon in our society today: a growing number of people, especially the young, are endlessly chasing popular things, disregarding the cost that they must pay.

There are at least two good reasons for this phenomenon. In the first place, the spreading of foreign culture in our country in recent years may be the main reason. On account of this, many young people in our modern society have an open mind. Consequently, they are willing to accept new things. Secondly, a lot of people have become richer and richer. As a result, they can pay to do those kinds of things. There may be other reasons for it, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly accepted.

As far as I am concerned, the spreading of foreign culture in our society is not a bad thing. But as a popular saying goes, everything has two sides. This phenomenon is no exception. My suggestion as to the best way to cope with the problem is as follows. On the one hand, people should take a proper attitude toward this phenomenon. On the other hand, our society is expected to appeal to the general public to resist its bad effect. I am sure that my opinion is both sound and well-grounded.

范文中的粗体部分稍做变更,是可以套用于任何图画作文的。光是这些句子就接近70词。考试时如果写160词,就只需自己写90词了。如果对自己的写作很没有把握,上文可以套用的句子更多。例如,第二段末的 “There may be other reasons for it, but it is generally believed that the above mentioned reasons are commonly accepted.”。

综上所述,套话可以用,但不能通篇都是套话。它们主要用于提示文章的结构,图画的具体内容与含义应该用自己的话进行简练准确的叙述,这里的叙述也是最能显示你的写作水平的地方,不妨独运匠心。

篇4:考研英语图画作文写作指导

1.认真审题

在审题时,考生要认真分析图画所反映的内容以及出题者的意图,分析图画的表层含义和深层含义,通过表层含义分析图画真正想要说明的问题是什么,从而挖掘出其深层含义以确定文章的中心思想。

2.确定写作重点

审题之后,根据分析的结果列出提纲并组织安排段落,确定每一个段落的主题和写作重点,然后根据题目要求进行选材,并对所选材料再进行筛选和分类。

3.确定写作模式

确定写作模式实际上就是按照题目要求确定文章的整体结构。如上所述,图画作文一般可转化为三段式写作模式:

开始段:描述图画表层含义及深层含义并由此得出结论;

中间段:解释原因、分析结果,或进一步论证主题思想;

结束段:发表个人评论或提出建议。

【经典范文】

Directions: Study the followingdrawing carefully and write an essay in which you should

1) describe the drawing,

2) interpret it simplications,

3) give yourcomments。

You should write 160―200 words。

After thought of Nurishments

As can be seen from the picture, amiddle-aged man holds a plate with a bowl, a pair of chopsticks, and a jar of nourishment, murmuring “to live well up to the 22nd century, it is really helpful to build up good health with nourishments.” His face is as dull as dead water, his tongue is stuck out of his mouth and his posture is strange,knees bent, leaning forward。

This cartoon poses a serious problem worthy of careful reflection: “What is a positive attitude to wards nourishment?”Misconception prevails nowadays all over the world that nourishment can make the weak strong and the sick healthy. For those believing in this kind oftheory, such omnipotent nourishment is all-cures. So they take this kind of‘magical nourishment’ excessively. However, something is far from the truth. Taking nourishment to ensure your health is nothing but an illusion. Moreover, a greatamount of fake nourishment are flooded with in the markets, which will thusdeteriorate your health after continual use。

From the analysis above we can easily draw aconclusion: a wish is a wish, no matter how sweet it is. A good wish, however,doesn’t mean a real life! In reality, life blooms with doing exercises andtaking part in sports. Besides, proper diets are also a rewarded way to keep you fit and healthy. Give up the idea of “more nourishment and more health andyou will build a muscular body in the long run。

短文写作中,考生应注意文章是否切题,论据是否充分;在展开过程中应注意各段内容是否围绕主题句展开,有无与主题无关的句子内容;句子之间、段落之间的连接要自然,逻辑关系要清晰;句子结构要保持完整,人称、时态、动词变化等要保持一致,单词拼写、大小写、标点要无误。这样才能写出一篇令人满意的文章。

篇5:考研英语写作 图画作文写作要点

考研英语写作 图画作文写作要点

考研大作文近十来年考查的都是图画作文,与考试大纲规定的提纲式作文、图表作文和情景作文比较而言,其重要性和可考性是不言而喻的。现笔者就考研大作文中的图画作文给大家介绍几个注意事项。

图画题型写作要点① 考生应对图画进行全面而细致的研究,尤其注意图画中人或物(人与物)的体貌表情特征和背景,确定人物之间,人物与背景之间的主要关系,以便正确掌握图画所传达的信息。

② 如果图画以系列形式(即两幅以上)出现,考生除了掌握每一幅图画的信息,还应该对图画之间的相应联系有所理解,从而在整体上把握图画所传达的信息。

③ 面对图画题型,考生应该展开合理而丰富的联想,用生动而恰当的言辞抒发自己对图画的所思所想所感。

④ 注意图画题型中的文字提示。文字提示非常重要,文字提示通常十分清楚地提供一些写作要点。

⑤ 草拟提纲,合理组织材料。考生可以根据图画内容的不同采用不同的`段落发展方式。如果画面内容是以描述为主,即按空间方位或时间先后顺序排列,在描述图画时,大家可以按照先写哪个部分,后写哪个部分的写作方式进行。如果画面内容是以解释说明为主,即不需要考生再将图画中所看到的人或事本身进行详细地描写,而是直接写出图画的意义,那么写作时考生应该把图画所蕴涵的含义在首段告诉读者,当然也可以在首段书写图画内涵的社会背景,为下个段落的点题做好铺垫。

⑥ 系统且突出地展开段落。展开段落要根据画面内容进行,同时也要围绕每一段的主题句进行。

⑦ 检查与修改。考生应重点检查图画内容是否准确地被表达出来,题目所给提示是否完整地反映在文章之中。如果存在与画面不相符的内容,或未能完全涵盖题目所给提示,考生应对文章做出相应修订。

画图作文看起来很难,但究其实际,与命题作文没有多大区别,同学们只要放平心态,认真备考,就都能够取得不错的成绩。预祝2014考生们大家早日攻克写作难关。

篇6:考研一族大小写作得分多多--大作文分类

考研一族大小写作得分多多--大作文分类

大作文,就是考研大纲里所说的短文写作,比小作文的要求更高。首先是字数方面,要求根据提示信息写出一篇160-200词的短文。但是提示信息的形式不止一种,涉及的题材也有多种,因此备考办法也有一些区别。下面结合审题来看大作文的分类。

一、大作文审题

大作文的题目给考生提供信息,形式如下:

1.主题句

2.写作提纲

3.规定情景

4.图、表

对于不同的提示信息形式审题时要注意不同的问题,而且要注意各类提示信息形式的混合,如同时使用提纲与情景等。如果题目中已经给出主题句,就要以它为本文的主题陈述,并根据题目的其他要求对此主题进行论述。如果题目中已经给出写作提纲,那就要严格按照提纲写作。即使是规定情景与图表作文也有这一问题。总之,无论属于哪种提示信息形式,考生都要根据题目中的要点(一般为三点)进行写作,否则就会被扣分,甚至被判为跑题,大作文得零分。试看惨痛教训:下文是一位考生的作文,虽然语言出色,但是文章的落脚点(population growth)与题目的提示信息(effect of population on wildlife and possible reason)相偏离,最终被判为零分。

19作文题

Directions:

A. Study the following graphs carefully and write an essay in at least 150 words.

B. Your essay must be written neatly on ANSWER SHEET II.

C. Your essay should cover these three points:

1. effect of the country’s growing human population on its wildlife

2. possible reason for the effect

3. your suggestion for wildlife protection

考生文章(零分)

According to the figures given in the bar charts, it took from the beginning of human life to the year 1830 for the population of the earth to reach one billion. That represents a time span of at least two million years. Then the world population increased rapidly, adding up to two billion in 1930. The next billion was added by 1960, only thirty years. From then on the global population was on the rise, amounting to 4 billion in 1975, which is another billion people in 15 years.

There are at least two reasons, I think, for the sharp increase in world population….

In my opinion, the chief reason for the population growth was not so much a rise in birth rates as a fall in death rates as a result of improvements in medical care.

二、大作文题材

大作文所选用的`图画与图表一般涉及与人们的生活有关的社会现象和问题,主要包含下列题材:

1.教育

2.职业道德

3.身体健康

4.家庭关系

5.环境保护

6.人口增长

7.文化交流

按照上述题材,历年的考题可以分类如下:

:职业道德;

年:人口增长与环境保护;

:环境保护;

:教育;

:文化交流;

:教育;

:教育;

:家庭关系;

:教育。

由此可见,涉及一般品德与个性教育的题材较多。而且,上面的几大题材通常是考试出题的重要方向。为了考试时有话可说,考生可以根据上述几个题材准备一些各个题材常用的核心词汇。例如,涉及赡养老人的题材时,可以积累下列表达法:

support one’s aged parents赡养年迈的父母

betray one’s own conscience违背自己的良知

shirk the responsibility推卸责任

pay back one’s parents’ love回报父母的爱

综上所述,根据题目的提示信息形式审题,按照不同题材准备核心词汇,是写好大作文的重要前提条件。

篇7:考研英语图画作文写作和段落框架

考研英语图画作文写作和段落框架

下面总结的思路和框架是从版王江涛的高分写作提炼出来,然后融合了自己的理解并用更能让自己理解的语言总结整理出来的。希望能给和我一样对写作很迷茫并且没看过这本书的同学提供一点开始复习作文的思路。

第1段:图画描述(共三句)

1-(1):总体描述图画:人物/动物/事物+动作+环境 or 人物+服装+表情 (一句)

1-(2):图画细节描述(通常一句,有时也可写两句)

1-(3):对图画中的文字进行翻译(一句,有时可省略这句)

第2段:图画寓意阐释兼论证(共五句)

2-(1):主题句:点出图画寓意 (一句)

2-(2)(3)(4):论证段 (注意:既然前面提出了观点,随后就应有相对应的原因/解释/论证。不要犯考生易犯的有论点无论据的错误) (三句)

论证段的思路:

【内容层面】论证的内容可以从如下角度选择其一

a、谈背景:即问题或现象出现的政治/经济/文化/社会背景

b、摆事实:即已经成为普遍社会现象的事实情况

c、驳观点(欲扬先抑):先摆出与自己观点对立的.他人观点,随和在反驳中提出自己观点(因为欲扬先抑是英文写作习惯)

d、讲原因:即分析问题或现象出现的原因,最好给出2-3点 (注:王江涛在书上说“原因”是现在改卷老师最喜欢看到的角度,偶不置可否,大家可以多练练这个角度)

e、论后果:即分析问题或现象导致的后果,最好利弊都写。

f、“象-义”对应(书上写的是“联系现实”,“象-义对应”是我自己发明的词,因为“联系现实”容易让我产生歧义):即阐释图画寓意时把图中每个事物和现实中的象征的涵义对象联系起来(例如写道“图画上的花朵象征着现在的少年儿童,温室象征着家长的溺爱”)

备注:书上只列了五大角度,f点是单独列在后面的,但我认为这一点谈的也属于构思上的写作内容层面,所以就一起归进来了。大家也要重点练习这点,因为只要涉及图画阐释的题都要写到这个内容。

【写作方法层面】可综合运用下面的论证方法(我打算每一种方法都积累几个相应的好句型,最终形成自己的句型模板):

1、因果论证(注意:英文的逻辑是前果后因,和中文刚好相反。从这个意义上说,每一段的首句应是主题句,即“结果”,后面的论证就是“原因)

2、分类论证:如果在前述的写作内容上选择了d角度(讲原因),则最好在第2段写两到三点原因或例证,然后在第3段写两点建议,这样结构更严谨。

3、定义法:采用自问自答的设问形式,来引起阅卷者的注意(注:如果要用也最多一次)。例:What is idol worship? Idol worship is usually……

4、解释法:即换个角度把上一句的意思再说一遍(注:如果要用也最多一次) 。例:In other words,……

5、统计或事实:可以虚构一些统计数据或调查结果,来使文章有理有据。只要数据不夸张,能自圆其说即可。例:According to the recent survey/data/study/statistics by the Academy of Social Science 70% of……

6、举例论证(最常用,不多说了)

7、比较和对比:比较两者的相同点或者对比两者不同点

2-(5):小结:将2-(2)(3)(4)三句进行小结,与本段首句呼应。(一句)

第3段:结论兼建议措施段(共四句)

3-(1):结论句 (一句)

3-(2)(3):针对双方或从某一现象的正反两个方面提建议 (两句)

3-(4):结尾或展望未来:建议用倒装句、强调句、虚拟语气 (一句)

篇8:考研一族大小写作得分多多--小作文语言

考研一族大小写作得分多多--小作文语言

格式以外,小作文的语言也很重要。除了一般作文的要求,如没有语法错误、用词丰富、句子结构有变化以外,小作文还有特殊的要求,如文体方面与交际方面的要求。下面以前一天的范文为例剖析这几点。

Dear Mr. Wang,

I am writing to inform you about my decision to resign from my current position. There are a few factors involved that I find intolerable.

First of all, the salary has proven to be much lower than you originally promised, and I have a large family to support. In addition, the office is located in the downtown area, yet I live in the suburbs, so it is exhausting for me to spend over three hours commuting every day. Most importantly, I feel rather disappointed and left out on the job itself, as in the past two months I was never given any really important responsibility.

I sincerely hope that you approve of my resignation. I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.

Yours sincerely,

Li Ming

一、遣词造句

首先,本文用词准确。例如,current position中的current,(spend over three hours) commuting中的commuting,(any really important) responsibility中的responsibility。其次,句型多变。有并列句,如第二段首句。还有较多的复合句,包含主句与从句,如第二段的.第二句与第三句。当然,衔接手段也很丰富,具体内容会在明天的总结中谈到。

二、文体规范

所谓文体,就是考研大纲中所说的语域问题。小作文主要考查两类文体,即正式文体与非正式文体。写给团体或机构的书信一般使用正式语言,即不用缩略语和口语用法。非正式文体主要涉及写给朋友的书信,可以使用缩略语和口语用法。上面的信是写给团体负责人的,所以用语正式。

三、交际原则

所谓交际原则,就是要针对不同场合使用不同语言,使交流得以进行。落实到小作文的书信,就是要恰当地使用礼貌语言。上面文中的末句就体现了这一原则。不同的应用文有不同的用语,考生应该加以熟悉和背诵,使考试时能运用自如。

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