高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 19---22
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篇1：高考理科综合复习技巧
物理考前指导
一.临考前的复习策略
1.回顾考纲，回归教材
对应考纲中所罗列的考点及考试要求，回归到教材中查找相关知识与之对应，做好“查缺补漏”工作，做到基础知识无盲点、无障碍。
2.进一步构建完善符合自己的知识框架
知识框架，老师肯定都给梳理过，有些教辅材料上也有罗列，但是在考前最后这一段同学们一定要在头脑中构建一套符合自己的框架图，并在框架的基础上不断填充内容，比如《万有引力与航天》一章，很多同学的体会是公式过多不好掌握，我们可以建立这样的知识框架“二、一、二”即两个定律，“开普勒定律”和“万有引力定律”，一个模式， “中心天体”与 “环绕天体”，两颗卫星， “近地卫星”和 “同步卫星”。进一步填充内容，比如对于一个模式主要研究的问题集中在，中心天体的质量、密度;环绕天体的运动学参量(线速度、角速度、周期等)和整体的能量等。
3.认真研读、高考真题
每年高考结束后，都有一些同学因为题目看不懂或是没有理解题意而造成失分。究其原因就是高考真题与平时模拟题在命题语言上有一定的差别，从而造成学生对高考命题的语言不熟悉。而大多数同学在以往的复习对真题的使用上更多的是关注这个题目考查的是什么知识，具体是如何求解的，很少关注高考题中的命题语言，所以在最后这十几天的时间里好好阅读一下这两套题，体会并熟悉高考题的命题语言的特点，减少考场上对试卷语言的陌生感。
二.应试需要注意的几个问题
1.按既定的策略和节奏答题
在以往的复习中，有的同学可能是按题号顺序答题，有的同学可能按学科答题，而且在每个学科上大致分配多少时间，也相对固定。这就是形成了一种符合自己答题策略和节奏，那么在高考中就要按自己既定的这种策略与节奏答题，不要轻易改变，以免节奏混乱，影响心态，最后导致发挥失常。
2.规范性答题
所谓的“规范性答题”包含两方面，一是语言的规范性，比如在实验题目中有些要求写实验步骤，或是做实验误差分析的说明，或是计算题中一些必要的文字说明要做到语言简练、切中要害。二是书写的规范性，尽量用原始公式形式，能分步书写尽量别整合。在答题卡上尽量减少修改。保持卷面的整洁性。
化学考前指导
从近两年理综化学试卷看，充分体现了立足基础以外求新、求活、求思维变换、求能力拓展的特点。因此，各位考生在化学复习中定要狠抓基础，多角度变换思维，不求高难但求技巧性、融合性。离高考还有不足半个月的时间。我们还需要或还能做些什么呢?现在来简单梳理一下：
一、针对高考说明中的考点提纲挈领，梳理主干知识，做到融汇贯通。
二、寻根溯源，回归教材。
1. 必须通读研究教材上所有内容，包括科学探究、科学视野、实践活动、资料卡片部分的内容，不留死角。
2.对教材内涉及的化学用语必须准确细致地掌握，做到万无一失。
3.对教材的图表、模型要重新分析、记忆(例如电离能、电负性、晶胞结构等)。
4.侧重联系实际。对氯碱工业、电解法精炼铜等要做以一定了解，特别是它们涉及的反应原理、基本理论、环境保护、综合利用等知识。
三、回归做过的题，对错题认真分析。
1.回归教材知识点，查清错因。
2.认真改错，理出解题思路与思维方法并反复训练。例如实验：研究所做实验题的常规性问题的解决方法，总结经验;例如：气密性检验方法、提出假设的一般思路、装置连接的原则、检测沉淀洗净与否的方法、装置缺陷的分析方法、实验方案最优化的方法、装置图绘制方法等等。
3.获得一类题的解法，防止错误重现。
四、考前两周习题训练要点。
1.不必做过难、偏、怪的题，防止干扰心态。
2.不能光“看”题不“做”题，始终让手是“热”的、“熟”的。
3.注重规范性训练：审题要点划分要仔细清晰，化学用语要书写规范，名词术语要表达准确，答题要简洁清晰。
五、科学使用时间，理性对待取舍。
理综考试对考生是一种严峻的考验。不仅需要娴熟的知识，灵活多变的思维能力，流畅的解题速度，还要有冷静理性的临场应变能力。不轻易在难题上恋战。两卷每类题都分为易、中、难三层。能拿下易，不放过中，适当舍弃难，三科兼顾才能获取高分。所以要科学取舍，不留遗憾。
生物考前指导
生物知识点很多，而且零散，因此在最后冲刺阶段，考生在复习时应该着重注意以下几个方面：
一.阅读课本，梳理基础，加强记忆
重视教材就是重视基础。考生应将记忆不太牢固的知识点、易混淆的基本概念、模棱两可的内容、课后典型习题、章节的前言和小结、旁栏思考题、实验讨论题，课本中的小资料、课外读 、小字的阅读材料、课本中的图表等，依据《考试说明》，要掌握到位。 复习的最后阶段，复习课本仅有对知识的理解是不够的，必须在理解的基础上牢固记忆，考生一定要注意记牢课本中的一些重要结论，因为这些结论往往就是答题的落脚点，如：细胞质基质是活细胞进行新陈代谢的主要场所，为新陈代谢的进行，提供所需要的物质和一定的环境条件;构成细胞的各部分结构并不是彼此孤立的，而是互相紧密联系、协调一致的，一个细胞是一个有机的统一整体，细胞只有保持完整性，才能够正常地完成各项生命活动;负反馈调节是生态系统维持稳态的基础。另外，通过记牢课本上相关的图解来理解课本中的主干知识，如光合作用、细胞呼吸、血糖调节的图解，也同样是重要的复习方法。
二.看曾经做过的试卷，进行查漏补缺
最后阶段，要对以前所做试卷进行回顾，要寻找当时错误的原因，检视自己曾经出现过的失误，找到自己知识的漏洞，思维方式的偏差，解题规范的疏漏，当时错误点作为训练重点，有目的的精选一些试题，不让同样的错误在高考中重现 。
三.精选习题，适度训练
训练的首条原则就是“审题要慢，解答要快，会的题就做，不会的就过，在有限的时间内把该会的一定全做完。时间富余，再去做还可能拿分的题。”考试成功的关键是解题质量高，因此，考生在训练时应把质量放在首位，想要保证解题的高准确率，就必须冷静思考，细心审题，精确运算，规范作答。在保证质量的前提下，追求速度。
篇2：高考文科综合复习计划书
一、一个中心：以高考四项能力要求为中心
在复习过程中，所有学生都一定要坚定以锻炼和提升高考政治四项能力要求为中心，分别为：获取和解读信息的能力、调动和运用知识的能力、描述和阐释事物的能力、论证和探讨问题的能力。
把握住这一中心，可以让我们在复习的过程中目标明确，在最后的考试中做到有的放矢。
二、三大模块：夯实基础、重点突破、温故知新
在学习计划中共有三大模块，一是夯实基础，知识框架;二是分析试卷，重点突破;三是循环往复，温故知新。每个模块针对三类基础知识层次不同的学生(①基础知识薄弱的学生②基础知识一般的学生③基础知识夯实的学生)进行制定。以下新东方一对一孙立倩老师针对每个模板进行详细的讲解：
1.夯实基础，知识框架
高三政治期末考试结束，一轮复习也已经完成，所以此时学生要在脑海中构建整个政治学科的知识体系，形成知识框架，要有知识树的模型，这是所有学生的基础。
① 基础薄弱型
对于此类学生，新东方一对一孙立倩老师建议在这个寒假中学生一定要拿出三分之二的时间来进行知识点的复习，构建起一个较为完整的知识框架，在这个过程中可以利用教材中的目录及每一单元前的框架图，这样才能在假期结束后让自己重拾信心。
② 基础一般型
如果对自己剖析后，将自己定位在了基础一般的类型后，在这个假期中，你需要拿出至少一半的时间来进行巩固知识点、构建起完整的知识体系，重在尝试自己构建框架图，并且填充细致的知识点。如果你对自己的学科知识还没有精准的定位，你可以咨询新东方一对一的专业老师，他们帮你量身定制学习计划。
③ 基础扎实型
如果将自己定位在了基础扎实型的考生时，那你一定是记忆了考试范围中几乎所有的内容，但你不一定理解了所有的知识点。因此，这时你仍应谦虚谨慎，拿出你寒假中三分之一的时间来理顺这些知识点，并且将不理解的知识点弄通，建立知识之间的联系。基础扎实的你，新东方一对一的老师建议你可以在寒假专注于学习方法的培养和学科思维的训练，提高学习效率。
2.分析试卷，重点突破
掌握了较好的基础知识后，就要进行运用，对其加以深度理解，突破自己的薄弱点。新东方一对一孙立倩老师针对几种类型的学生做了学习策略指导：
①基础薄弱型
如果你是这一类型的学生，那么在这个阶段，你就要拿出一轮复习时重要考试的考卷了，将每一个考题进行知识点标记，进一步巩固基础知识，并且将自己易错的点找出，即薄弱项，进行个个击破，既复习了知识点又分析了考查的重点。
②基础一般型
进行了知识框架的构建后，这时的你要拿出一轮复习时的考卷及你的错题本，将每一道题的知识点进行简单标注，在训练了一遍后，查漏补缺，找出自己理解有问题的知识点，进行重点突破。
③基础扎实型
对于基础扎实型的学生而言，在这个阶段就要将考卷中的知识点不仅要标注而且要进行分类整理，将自己的易错点进行总结，找出解决方法。同时，要进行专题训练。
3.循环往复，温故知新
黑瞎子掰苞米的故事大家都知道，劳累的一番，最后还是一个苞米。新东方一对一孙立倩老师建议同学们在这个阶段最重要的'一点就是要不断重复，最终达到温故知新。
①基础薄弱型
这类学生在这一阶段中就要“循环往复”的进行知识点的复习，重在理解，真正掌握这些基础知识，最后能达到“知新”，为下学期的复习打好扎实的基础，为高考的飞跃做好量的积累。
②基础一般型
这时的你就要踏下心来，再次进行知识点的复习，这个过程中要注意每一个知识点你都要学会问一个“是什么”、“为什么”、“怎么办”，并且认真的将其解答。这样会使你在二轮复习过程中游刃有余。
③基础扎实型
将自己定位在这个类型中的你，也许会说“我接下来做题就行了”，其实不然，万变不离其宗，教材中的知识点才是核心。这个阶段需要做到以下两点：一要学会进行下位知识点的理解与分析，二要进行不同位置知识点间的联系，如：怎样做到具体问题具体分析? 与消费相关的知识点都有哪些?
篇3：高考文科综合复习计划书
一、自然地理
对于绝大多数文科孩子来说，自然地理是大家的薄弱环节，但是其实自然地理的学习是对于原理的把握和理解，必须从推导此原理的技巧开始，要知其然还要知其所以然，对于原理进行推导，明白了原理才能更深切的理解地理口诀，才能对口诀进行熟记;自然地理中还有一部分内容是规律理解后单纯熟记的内容，比如洋流图，对于这部分内容一定要多重复熟记，这些都完成以后还需要通过大量做练习加以巩固，从而熟练掌握这些技巧、原理。对于自然地理这部分的复习，这就是新东方一对一曹迎迎老师给予大家的建议。
二、人文地理
人文地理的知识理解起来比较简单，但是考题相对灵活，而且有些知识是结合区域进行考察，例如农业的考察，与区域结合相当紧密，对于这部分学习，需要夯实基础，将课本看一遍，对于不明白的概念要及时弄懂，对于有些概念要及时进行区分;然后就是对于书中提到的涉及区域的地方进行看图熟记，通过地图加深印象;在明白了概念，也熟记住地图后进行背诵，其实这个时候大部分知识都已经理解，需要背诵的内容也可以通过理解用自己的语言概括出来，熟记已经不是你的难题。
三、区域地理
这部分的内容其实地理中的考察精髓，因为所有人文和自然的知识最终都要放到地图上进行考察，所以高考中的答题必定配备有地图。对于大部分孩子来说在明白了人文和自然的知识后因为不认识所考察的地方，不能通过所知道的原理进行解题，成为了他们进一步提高的最大屏障，所以这部分的内容特别需要进行熟记和练习。对于区域地理的知识，最好的方法就是通过地图进行熟记，通过地图熟记的地方最为牢固，然后通过进行练习加以巩固。不管是地理学习中的那个板块知识，北京新东方中小学一对一的老师都可以帮同学们进行快速理解掌握，高效学习，我们有法宝。
四、注意的问题
在地理的三部分知识都明白之后，我们最主要的问题就是明白地理知识点之间的联系;要学会总结复习方法，对地理事物的成因分析，规律总结，图像判读要领等要能够自己表述，把记忆过程变成思维过程;要动态的观察地理事物或现象，对其形成条件，组成要素，构成原理，发展过程，变化趋势等进行分析，从而掌握基本内容。
五、有计划的进行练习
做到了前面所讲的事情之后，我们最需要的是通过练习进行巩固，所以大家每天要拿出有效的时间来进行巩固练习，北京新东方中小学一对一曹迎迎老师认为大致对于地理来说每天一个半小时到两个小时的有效复习时间就可以，通过做期末考试题或者模拟题题(这个时候基础较为薄弱的孩子通过期末题进行夯实基础和巩固，基础较好的孩子可以通过模拟题进行提升)，以达到最好的效果。
篇4：高考文科综合复习计划书
1、认真复习课本知识
复习高三历史时所做的事很多，有一大堆复习资料等着我们去做。千头万绪抓根本。什么是根本?那就是基础。大家千万不要埋头做题，而是先看课本，抓基础，再“精”做题目。高考历史试题的80%是基础知识，20%是稍难点的综合题，掌握好基础，事半功倍。而且基础知识和基本技能技巧，是教学大纲也是考试的主体要求。在“双基”的基础上，再去做题，再去把握基本思路。再难的题也无非是基础东西的变式。因此寒假这个阶段，最主要的是要复习课本知识，重视基础。
在高三历史复习课本知识的时候考生特别要注意，对中外历史的线索、历史事件的时空概念、历史现象与历史本质之间的关系进行整理。任何历史现象不是单独地存在的，事与事之间，人与人之间，事与人之间都会有着不可分割的联系。在整理的时候找到知识之间的联系，追求从局部到全局，从全局中把握局部。
此外，学生在复习时还应注意，一方面强化知识，强化记忆，而在记忆方法上，学生只需记住该记住的，只需理解无需记忆的就不要死记硬背。另一方面学生需寻找差错，弥补遗漏。
2、适当安排练习作业
因为考试最终是以习题的方式呈现出来，考生要在规定时间内完成一定数量的习题，这就决定了高三学生平时的训练是不可忽视的。在寒假阶段，学生在复习基础知识的同时，必须相应完成一定量的练习，把基础知识与问题相联系，既夯实、巩固基础知识，又拓展思路，为下学期二轮复习做好准备。当然，在平时的训练中不能只求数量不求质量，要注意训练自己在一定的时间内完成习题和保证其正确率，还要善于总结解题的思路、方法和技巧，尤其是非选择题，要从审题到答题要培养一套完整科学的答题模式，对应试能力的提高有非常重要的意义。
此外学生在试题训练时，要重视史料。因为高考历史试题必须超然于教材之上，运用“新材料、新情境”命制，从不同的层次考查考生从史料获取有效信息和完整、准确、合理解读信息的能力。然而大部分学生读不懂材料，加强史料阅读能力，成为高三学生的当务之急。而能力的提高往往与学习方法紧密相连。高三学生应注重学习解读史料的方法、读图的方法、概括的方法、表述的方法等，通过反复训练真正将方法转化为自己的习惯，真正地培养和提高能力。
高三学生不仅要重视客观题的训练，但也要进行主观题的训练，尤其是加强对新情境、新材料的适应。应考过程中牢记无论什么材料，其落脚点都是重大历史知识。常画知识框架，多读史料，多问一些为什么，多思考中国史和世界史之间的相互联系，多从全球史观的视野分析和比较中国与世界的重大历史事件。
3、把握好自己的复习节奏
学生在学习过程中要把握好自己的节奏，根据自身实际情况制定学习计划，不要人云亦云，随大流。有的学生在学习中因为在复习过程中跟不上老师的节奏，导致前面部分没弄懂，后面的部分也没有学好，因此建议学生在寒假阶段通过自学复习或者一对一针对性的辅导来弥补知识上的缺陷，把握好自己的节奏。
此外，学生在学习过程中要勤思多问，不要因为面子问题不敢发问，新东方一对一宋苗苗老师建议学生在弄不懂的问题上多问同学，多问老师。考生除了自己不断地总结经验之外，最重要的是要把自己在学习过程中的问题及时地去向老师请教，要做到每个知识点清清楚楚，每个概念明明白白。希望同学们都可以充分利用寒假这段时间，高效复习。
篇5：高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 7---9
北 京 四 中
重点词汇、短语与句型:
1.in ruins成为废墟
2.bring…back to life使苏醒，使生动
3.pull down 拆毁，推翻
4.set up 设立, 创立
5.stand for代表, 象征，支持
6.because of 由于，因为
7.speed skating 速滑
8.track and field 田径
9.would rather 宁愿，宁可
10.take part in 参加
11.in preparation for为…做准备
12.stay in touch with 与…保持联系
13.call for要求，需要
14.according to 按照
15.take over 接收，接管
16.succeed (in) doing sth. 成功地干成某事
17.break down 毁掉，坏掉，中止
18.send…into space 把…送入太空
19.give in 屈服
20.be under attack 遭到进攻
21.every +数词+名词 每…
22.in modern times 在现代
23.compete in… 参加…比赛
24.come up with… 找到，提出
25.stone by stone 一块石头、一块石头地
26.be marked with 上面标有…
27.more than 不仅仅是
28.change one’s behavior改变某人的行为方式
29.do one’s best (to do sth.) 尽力做某事
do all/everything sb. can (to do sth.) 做某人所能做的一切（来做某事）
do what sb. can to help sb. 尽某人所能去帮某人
30.on the go 忙个不停，跑来跑去
31.add 的用法
32.an electronic calendar电子日历
33.during one’s lifetime在某人的一生中
34.cultural relics 文化遗产
35.the same as同…一样
36.win a gold medal 获得金牌
37.be based on以…为基础
38.dare的用法
39.important events in history 历史上的重大事件
40.a sports star profile 体育明星特写
41.light the torch 点燃火炬
42.dream about a better future 梦想一个更好的未来
43.提出意见和建议：
Why not…?
Why don’t you…?
What/How about…?
Shall we…?
Maybe we could…
I’d like to…
Can’t we…？
44.同意和不同意：
Absolutely.
That’s exactly what I was thinking.
That’s a good point.
That’s just how I see it.
That’s worth thinking about.
I disagree./Well, yes, but…
You can’t be serious.
Well ,I’m not so sure about that.
单元知识点归纳：
1.
in case （adv. ＆ conj. ） 以防，万一
in case of sth. 假如，以防发生某事
in this/ that case 在这种／那种情况下
in no case 决不
in any case 无论如何，总之
in the case of就…而言，至于，在…情况下
eg.
⑴In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.万一发生火灾，请拉响火警铃。
⑵Please take an umbrella, in case it rains.请带上雨伞以防下雨。
⑶Take a taxi in case you are late for the meeting.乘坐出租车吧，以防开会迟到。
⑷I don’t think I’ll need any money but I’ll bring some in case.
我觉得用不着钱，但还是带上一些以防万一。
⑸In no case should you give up learning English. 你决不要放弃学习英语。
⑹In any case , I’ll go and have a look for myself. 无论如何我要亲自去看一看。
⑺In that case, the whole house would be on fire.如果那样的话，整个房子就会着火。
⑻In the case of money itself, it’s no good or bad. 就钱本身而言，没有好与坏之分
注：case 可表达多种意思：
⑴That isn’t the case with Peter.彼得的情况并不如此（情况，情形）。
⑵The case will be tried in the court next week.下周要审这个案子（案情，案例）。
⑶The worst cases have been sent to hospital.情况最严重的患者已被送往医院（患者，病人）。
高考题例:
①
----I’m afraid Mr. Wood can’t see you until 4 o’clock.
----Oh, _____ I won’t wait.(全国高考浙江卷)
A. no doubt B. after all C. in that case D. in this way
分析：从语境中可理解题意为“要是那样的话，我就不等了”。
答案：C
②I always take something to read when I go to the doctor’s ______ I have to wait.(2005全国高考卷二)
A. in caseB. so that C. in order D. as if
分析:由句意可知“当我去医务室时总要带上点东西,以防等待” .in case “以防”, so that “为了”。
答案:A
2.
use …as …把某物当作…使用
be used to do 被用于…
used to do 过去常常
be/ get used to sth./ doing sth. 习惯于…
eg.
⑴Wood can be used to make desks and chairs. 木头可以被用来制作桌椅。
⑵In ancient times, people used stones as tools for farming.
古代，人民常用石头作为捕食动物的工具。
⑶He used to play a funny role in TV plays.他过去常在电视剧中扮演滑稽的角色。
⑷He has got used to spending his holidays in the countryside.他已习惯于在乡下渡假了。
⑸We used to work in the same workshop. 我们过去在同一个车间工作。
be used to doing sth. 可用quite来修饰。如果强调由不同习惯到习惯这一过程的动作，常用get或become代替。如：
⑴He has become used to staying up late. 他已习惯于熬夜了。
⑵The food in England is strange at first but you’ll soon get used to it.
英国食物乍一吃很不习惯，但不久就能适应了。
⑶After three months she had got used to the extreme heat.
三个月以后她就适应酷热的环境了。
3.remind vt. 提醒，使想起
常用于下列句型：
remind sb. of sth.
remind （sb.）that…
remind sb. to do sth.
eg.
⑴He reminds me of his brother. 他使我想起了他的哥哥。
⑵I reminded him to answer that letter.我提醒他要回信。
⑶I reminded him that he must go home before dark.我提醒他必须要在天黑前回家。
⑷Remind me to take my medicine tomorrow.提醒我明天带着药。
⑸The song reminds me of France.这首歌使我想起了法国。
⑹Travellers are reminded that malaria tablets are advisable.
旅客须知要服用预防疟疾药。
﹡reminder n. 使某人回想起某事或某人的事物；提示
⑴The statue is a lasting reminder of Churchill’s greatness.
这尊塑像使人永远缅怀丘吉尔的伟大功绩。
⑵The waiters were cleaning the tables , which served as a reminder that it was time to leave.服务员在收拾桌子，提醒顾客该走了。
高考题例:
In our childhood, we were often _______ by Grandma to pay attention to our table manners.（2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. demanded B. reminded C. allowed D. hoped
分析:从4个选项看,均为过去分词形式。那么,只需对句意理解和对4个过去分词的动词原形词义辨析便可选对。从题干所提供的语境看,可以排除C项,再从动词搭配来考虑,A项和D项都只能用不定式来直接作宾语,只有remind可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
答案: B
4.
add …to … 在…中加上
add to…增加，加强
add up 加起来
add up to… 总共，总共有
eg.
⑴If you add five to five, you get ten. 五加五得十。
⑵Don’t add fuel to the flame. 不要火上加油。
⑶I added sugar to tea. 我往茶里加了糖。
⑷Every time I added up these figures I got a different answer.
每次加起这些数字，我得到的答案都不一样。
⑸Your carelessness added to our difficulty. 你的粗心增加了我们的困难。
⑹His whole schooling added up to no more than one year.他受到的全部学校教育加起来不超过一年。
⑺Travel adds to our understanding of the world.旅游增加了我们对世界的了解。
5.late adj. ＆ adv. 迟的，晚的
later 是late的比较级， adv. 后来（常用于词组later on）
latest 是late的最高级，“最新的，最近的”（可用于词组at the latest“最迟”）
lately 最近（=recently）
latter 后者
eg.
⑴She is always dressed in the latest fashion. 她总是穿最新款的时装。
⑵ We have been doing lots of gardening lately.近来我们做了很多园艺工作。
⑶ His latest novel is a great success. 他最近出版的小说十分成功。
⑷At first things went well, but later on we ran into trouble.
起初事情进展的很顺利，但后来我们遇到了困难。
⑸One can travel by ship or plane. Most people choose the latter.
乘船或乘飞机去均可，人们多取后者。
⑹Passengers should check in one hour before their flight time at the latest.
乘客至迟应在班机起飞前一小时办理登机手续。
⑺I sat up late last night. 昨夜我一直呆到很晚。
6.under attack 遭受攻击
under 表示“在…（状态）中，在…（情况）下”
eg.
⑴The city was under attack for 100 days. 这座城市被围困了一百天。
⑵The patrol came under attack from all sides.巡逻队遭到来自四面八方的攻击。
⑶The road is under repair and is closed to motor traffic.这条公路正在维修，禁止机动车辆通行。
⑷The problem is under discussion. 这个问题正在讨论中。
⑸The building is under construction.大楼正在建设中。
⑹The subject is under study.这个课题正在研究着。
7.
give in （vi.） 投降，屈服，让步
give in to… （vt.） 向…让步，迁就
give up ( sth./ doing sth.) （vt.＆ vi.） 放弃，不再做（某事）
give off： send out or emit sth. 送出或发出某物
give sth./ sb. away 赠送，有意或无意泄露某事物或出卖某人
give out 用完，消耗尽
eg.
⑴She gave away state secrets to the enemy.她将国家机密泄露给敌人了。
⑵He gave away most of his money to charity.他把大部分钱捐给了慈善事业。
⑶After a month their food supplies gave out.过了一个月，他们的食物已消耗殆尽。
⑷The teacher gave out the examination papers.老师分发了考试卷。
⑸One of the plane’s engines gave out in mid-Atlantic.
飞机在大西洋中部飞行时，其中一个发动机出了故障。
⑹The authorities showed no signs of giving in to the kidnapper’s demands.
当局对绑架者的要求丝毫没有让步的迹象。
⑺The rebels were forced to give in.叛乱者被迫投降。
⑻The cooker is giving off a funny smell.锅里冒出股怪味。
⑼The fire doesn’t seem to be giving off much heat.这炉火好像不太热。
⑽Believe in yourself and never give in.相信你自己，别屈服。
⑾The soldier didn’t give in to the enemy.这个士兵没有向敌人屈服。
高考题例:
①Don’t mention that at the beginning of the story, or it may ______ the shocking ending.（北京高考）
A. give away B. give out C. give up D. give off
分析:give away此处为“泄露(秘密等)”,give out/off发出,give up放弃。
答案:A
②What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world had _____?（2005全国高考山东卷）
A. given out B. put out C. held out D. used up
分析:give out指“分发,放出,用光”, put out指“生产,出版,扑灭,提供”, hold out“举起,阻挡,使停顿”, use up“耗尽,耗费”。根据句意这里表示“耗尽,用光”,容易仅根据句意而误选D.但如果用 use up,需要用被动语态; give out表示“耗尽,用光”时是不及物的,不用被动语态.
答案:A
8.include：vt. “包括，列在里面”
including： “包括”用在名词之前，表主动意义
included： “被包括”用在名词或代词之后，表被动意义
比较：contain着重指作为组成部分而被包含在内，可指具体的或抽象的事物。
include 用法较广，它的宾语是所包含的部分内容，指整体中的一部分，通常用来附加或补充说明
eg.
⑴The tour includes a visit to the Science Museum. 这次参观包括去科学馆。
⑵All of us, including me/ me included, have read this book.所有的人，包括我在内，都看过这本书。
⑶Your duties will include putting the children to bed.哄小孩入睡也将是你工作的一部分。
⑷The band played many songs, including some of my favourites.
（= The band played many songs, some of my favourites included.）
这支乐队演奏了许多歌曲，其中有我最喜欢的。
⑸The box contains only a few warm-weather clothes. 这个箱子里只有几件热天穿的衣服。
⑸We all went , myself included.（=We all went, including me.） 我们都去了，其中包括我。
⑹I think you’ll find the plan includes most of your suggestion.
我想你会发现这个计划包括了你的大部分建议。
9.
in pieces成碎片，破碎，落空
in ruins 成为废墟，落空
in 表示某人（某事物）的状态或状况，常用于以下词组中：
in order 整齐
in a mess 凌乱
in good repair 保养良好
in a hurry 匆忙地
in poverty 在贫困中
in poor healthy 健康欠佳
in anger（=angrily ） 愤怒地
eg.
⑴I found the glass lying in pieces on the ground.他发现玻璃杯成了碎片散落在地上。
⑵An earthquake left the whole town in ruins. 地震使整个城市沦为废墟。
⑶His career is in ruins. 他已前途尽毁。
⑷He is in poor health.他的健康欠佳。
⑸He left in a hurry. 他匆匆地离开了。
in 可表示“穿（戴）”（：wearing）
eg.
He is dressed in white.他身着白色服装。
in 表示手段、材料等
eg.
⑴The article was written in ink.这篇文章是用钢笔写的。
⑵Please speak in a loud voice.请大声说出来。
in 表示比率
eg.
One in ten said they preferred their old brand of margarine.
有十分之一的人说比较喜欢老牌子的人造黄油。
in 表示“在某方面，至于”
eg.
⑴It is a country rich in minerals.它是一个矿藏丰富的国家。
⑵He is behind others in reading, but a long way ahead in arithmetic.
他在阅读方面比别人落后，但在算术方面遥遥领先。
⑶It is three feet in length.它的长度是三英尺。
10.据说
It is said that…
…is said to …
eg.
⑴ It is said that you know his address.据说你知道他的地址。
=You are said to know his address.
⑵It is said that he is the best player in his class.据说他是班里最好的队员。
=He is said to be the best player in his class.
⑶It is said that the old temple is of great importance.据说那座古庙很重要。
=The old temple is said to be of great importance.
﹡be said 还可和to have done连用，表示已发生的情况
eg.
⑴He is said to have failed again.据说他又失败了。
⑵They are said to have won the game.据说他们赢了这场比赛。
⑶He is said to have written a novel about Long March.据说他写了一本关于长征的小说。
高考题例：
----Is Bob still performing?
----I’m afraid not. He is said ________ the stage already as he has become an official. （2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left
分析：前者问＂Bob还在表演吗＂，后者回答＂恐怕不演了，据说因为他当官已经离开舞台了＂。从设空后的 already 一词可以明显看出Bob离开舞台是过去已经发生的事情，所以此处必须选用不定式的完成式，因而 A项为正确选项。
答案：A
11.pull down 拆除，推掉；使降低，使体质虚弱；拉下（事物）
eg.
⑴The old government was pulled down.旧政府已被推翻了。
⑵The cinema he used to visit has been pulled down.他过去常去的那家电影院已被拆除了。
⑶It’s easier to pull down than build up.拆比建容易。
⑷It was the written paper that pulled him down.是笔试使他落后了。
⑸Since his illness , he is very much pulled down.病后他身体远不如从前了。
⑹Would you please pull down the blinds? 请你把窗帘拉下好吗？
其他常用pull 短语：
pull ahead (of sb./ sth.) 领先（于某人/某事物）
pull in/into （指火车）进站
pull sb. round/ though （帮助某人）恢复知觉或健康
pull (sth.) over （使车船等）闪到一边
pull oneself together 控制自己，控制感情等
⑴The car pulled ahead as soon as the road was clear.
路上稍一有空，那辆汽车就抢到前面去了。
⑵The team has pulled well ahead of the rest in the championship.
这个车队在锦标赛中遥遥领先于其他队。
⑶The train pulled in right on time. 这列火车正点到站。
⑷Passengers stood and stretched as the train pulled into the station.
火车进站时旅客们站起来伸了伸懒腰。
⑸She was so ill that it seemed unlikely that she would pull through.
她病得很厉害，看起来不大可能康复了。
⑹A sip of bandy helped to pull him round.给他喝一口白兰地有助于使他苏醒。
⑺Pull （your car） over and let me pass. 把你的车闪开，让我过去。
⑻You must try to pull yourself together. Your family depend on you.
你应该振作起来，你的家庭都指着你呢。
12.by prep.
表示到事物的程度
⑴The bullet missed him by two inches.那子弹差两英寸就打中他了。
⑵The carpet is too short by three feet.那地毯短了三英尺。
⑶The population has increased by one million.人口已增加了一百万。
*按照（某事物），根据
⑴By my watch it is two o’clock.我的手表现在是两点钟。
⑵Judging by appearances can be misleading.凭外表判断是会误事的。
*以连续的单位、批量或程度计
⑴The children came in two by two.孩子们两个两个地进来了。
⑵Little by little the snow disappeared.雪渐渐地融化了。
⑶They determined to move the temple stone by stone.他们决定一块石头一块石头地搬运这座庙。
⑷He is growing up day by day .他一天天地长大了。
⑸Step by step one goes far.千里之行始于足下。
*以某事物为标准或单位
⑴He was paid by the month.他是按月领取薪水。
⑵We sell ice-creams by the thousand in the summer.我们在夏天出售的冰激凌数以千计。
*表示运输方式
They went there by air/ship/car. 他们乘坐飞机/轮船/小汽车去的那里。
*表示被触及、被抓住身体的部位或衣物某处
take sb. by the hand 抓住某人的手
seize sb. by the collar/hair 抓住某人的衣领、头发
13.
in modern times 在现代
in ancient times 在古代
times 常可以用来表示“时代，时期，境况，日子等”
⑴Times have changed and we should not fall behind them.时代变了，我们不应落后于时代。
⑵In ancient times, people lived on wild fruits and beasts.
在古代，人们靠采摘野果、捕食野兽为生。
⑶Times are hard. I have my family to keep.日子过的很艰难，我得养家糊口。
Time 短语：
for the first time第一次
in time及时
on time准时
all the time 一直
at the same time 同时
at times有时候
ahead of time 提前
in no time 立刻，马上
behind the times 落后于时代
from time to time 间或，偶尔
kill time消磨时光
take one’s time 沉住气，慢慢来
in time of在…时候
have a good/ wonderful time 玩的高兴
time and time again 再三，一遍又一遍
at a time一次
14.
compete in … 参加…比赛
compete with/ against sb. （for sth.） 与…竞赛（竞争）
eg.
⑴A total of twenty athletes competes in the shot put.一共有二十名运动员参加了铅球比赛。
⑵Twenty girls competed in the race. 二十位姑娘参加了赛跑。
⑶Several companies are competing against/with each other for the contract.
几家公司正为争取一项合同而相互竞争。
⑷This is the horse that has competed in the Grand National four times.
这就是参加过四次‘英国大赛马’的马。
*competition n. 比赛，竞赛
⑴He came first in the poetry competition. 他获诗歌比赛第一名。
⑵We are in competition with several other companies for the contact.
我们与另几家公司角逐争取这项合同。
⑶She took the second place in the beauty competition. 她在选美比赛中获得了第二名。
*competitor n. 竞争者，比赛者
competitive adj. 比赛的，竞争的，不亚于或超过他人的
⑴The firm has better products than its competitors. 这公司的产品比其对手的好。
⑵Our firm is no longer competitive in world markets. 我们公司在世界市场上已不占优势。
15.tie v. 绑，系；打成平局
*tie …to…把…和…系在一起
tie （with sb.） 与（另一参加者）得分相同
tie sb. up 捆绑某人；缠住某人使之无暇顾及他事
tie sth. up捆或扎某物，难以动用（资金）
⑴The prisoners’ hands were tied back.犯人的手被绑在身后。
⑵He tied his dog to a big tree.他把狗栓在一棵大树上。
⑶The two teams tied （with each other）.这两个队不分胜负。
⑷I tied up the parcel.我捆好了包裹。
⑸Most of the money’s tied up in property.他大部分资金都投在房地产上无法动用。
⑹The thieves left the night-watchman tied up and gagged.
窃贼把夜班守卫员捆住，把他的嘴也堵住了。
⑺I’m tied up in a meeting until 3pm.我开会直到三点钟方可离开。
*tie n. 领带，连接物，束缚，平局
⑴Each team scored twice and the game ended in a tie.
每个队都有两次得分，比赛不分胜负。
⑵The firm has ties with an American corporation.
该公司与美国一家公司有关系。
⑶He was wearing a white shirt and a red tie.
他身穿白色衬衫，戴着一条红色领带。
⑷Pets can be a tie when you want to go away on holiday.
要想外出渡假时，宠物会成为牵累。
16.
join 指参加某个组织或团体，成为其中一员
join （sb.）in sth./ doing sth. 指参加活动或比赛，多用于日常口语。
attend 正式用语，及物动词，指参加会议或仪式（如婚礼、葬礼、典礼等；上学、上课、听报告等）
take park in 指参加会议或群众性活动等，强调参加这一活动的人在此项活动中所起的作用
go in for 指参加某项比赛、活动、考试等；还有“爱好”的意思。
enter for 指报名参加某项比赛
⑴Will you join me in a walk? 你和我一起去散步好吗？
⑵The teacher joined them in the experiment.老师和他们一起做实验。
⑶Almost all the class teams joined in the basketball match.
我校几乎所有的班队都参加了这次篮球赛。
⑷How many people entered for the competition? 有多少人报名参加比赛？
⑸Jack has gone in for the high-jump, but I don’t think he has a chance to win.
杰克去参加跳高比赛了，但我觉得他获胜机会很小。
⑹He goes in for gymnastics.他喜欢体操。
⑺We will take part in social activities during the summer vacation.
我们暑假期间将参加社会活动。
⑻He’ll attend an important meeting tomorrow.
他明天要参加一个重要的会议。
⑼They didn’t attend the wedding.他们没参加婚礼。
⑽He attended school at the age of six. 他六岁上学。
⑾My wish is to join the army after graduation. 我的愿望是毕业后参军。
⑿ Her husband joined her in her search for this unknown radiation.
她丈夫和她一起寻找这种不知名的射线。
17.Why not? Why don’t you? 为什么不…？
这两种句式都是向对方提出忠告或建议，前者是后者的省略形式，所以后接动词时不带to如：
⑴It looks like rain. Why not take a raincoat? 快要下雨了，你为什么不带件雨衣呢？
⑵Since you have to stay at home, why don’t you do some reading?
既然你必须呆在家里，为什么不读点书呢？
另外，Why not? 也可以单独使用，表示“为什么不行？”“好啊”“请别客气”
eg.
⑴
---You shouldn’t go out with me.
---Why not?
“你不该跟我出去。” “为什么不行？”
⑵---Let’s go to the cinema.
---Why not?
“我们去看电影吧。” “好啊。（为什么不呢?）”
注：Why+不带to的不定式用来表示某动作没有必要或意义。如：
Why argue with him? He’ll never change his mind.
为什么要跟他争论？他永远也不会改变看法的。
高考题例:
①
----Let’s go to a movie after work, OK?
----_______.（2005全国高考山东卷）
A. Not at all B. Why not? C. Never mind. D. What of it?
分析: Not at all用来回答Thank you; Never mind.用来回答道歉; What of it?=So what?表示“那又有什么重要的?”; Why not?“为什么不呢”表示非常同意对方.根据句意应选B,表示同意对方的建议.在选择交际用语时要注意说话的情景及说话者的真正含义.
答案:B
②
----How about putting some pictures into the report?
------________. A picture is worth a thousand words.（2005全国高考江苏卷）
A. No way. B. Why not? C. All right？ D. No matter.
分析：前者问对方在报告中插入一些图画如何，后者回答一副画能抵得上一千个单词，说明后者非常赞同前者的提议．No way 表示拒绝对方要求的应答，No matter表示“没关系，不要紧，没什么大不了的”，All right表示“行吗？合适吗”，显示说话者的语气不确定．所以只有B选项Why not?含有鼓励和赞同的意思，符合句意．
答案：B
18.prepare vt. ﹠ vi. 准备
*prepare sth. 准备某物
prepare for sth. 为某事做准备
prepare to do sth. 准备做某事
prepare sb. for sth./ to do sth.使某人准备好做某事
be (well) prepared for sth./ to do sth. 为做某事做好了准备
⑴They are preparing a book fair.他们正在筹备书展。
⑵Mother is preparing dinner in the kitchen.妈妈正在厨房里准备晚饭。
⑶We are preparing for the coming English exam.我们正在为即将到来的英语考试做准备。
⑷If the bus doesn’t come, we must be prepared to walk. 如果公共汽车不来，我们必须准备步行。
*preparation n.
in preparation for（介词短语） 为…做准备
make preparations for 为…做准备
⑴She bought a new coat in preparation for winter.她买了一件新外衣准备过冬。
⑵We have made preparations for the coming exam.我们已为即将到来的考试作了准备。
⑶The meal is in preparation. 饭菜正在准备中。
⑷He packed his bags in preparation for the journey. 他打好提包，为旅行做准备。
高考题例：
----What’s that terrible noise?
----The neighbors _______ for a party. (全国高考北京卷)
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
分析：根据“What’s that terrible noise？”（那乱哄哄的声音是怎么回事），可知“邻居们正在为开一个派队而做准备”
答案：B
19.every adj. 与数词连用，表示“每…，每隔…”，表示时间或空间的间隔。
*every+基数词+名词复数
every+序数词+单数名词
every few+复数名词 （每隔几…）
every other+单数名词 （每隔一…）
如：
每两年/每隔一年：
every two years
every second year
every other year
每三年/每隔两年：
every three years
every third year
每隔一天/行：every other day/line
每隔几米： every few metres (every few 这个搭配中不能加上a)
*以上用法中不能把every换成each
高考题例:
These planes are watered_______.（北京春）
A. each other dayB. every other day
C. each of two days D. every of two days
分析:每隔一天可以说:every second/other day 或every two days
答案: B
20.room n. “空间，空地”，不可数名词； “房间” ，可数名词
*leave room for 为…留出地方
make room for 为…腾出地方
⑴There is room beside me. Come alone. 我旁边还有空位，过来吧。
⑵There was only standing room in the square. 广场上只有站着的地方了。
⑶There is no room for changes.没有改动的余地了。
⑷This table takes up too much room.这张桌子占地方太大了。
⑸Can you make room on that shelf for more books?
你能在那个书架上腾出些地方再放些书吗？
⑹He is in the next room.他在隔壁房间里。
高考题例：
If you don’t take away all your things from the desk, there won’t be enough______ for my stationery.（上海高考）
A. area B. place C. room D. surface
分析：place指具体的地方、场所,是可数名词,如:This place seems familiar to me---I think I’ve been here before.（这地方好像很熟悉----大概我从前来过这里）; area是指（地球表面的地区、区域）,是可数名词;根据题意:‘如果你不把桌子上的所有东西拿走，就没有地方放我的文具了’，这里指的是能放东西的“空间”, room 为不可数名词。
答案：C
21.dare
*vt. “敢,敢于”,后面常跟带to的动词不定式,有时也可省去to
eg.
⑴I did not dare (to) move. 我不敢动。
⑵I don’t know how she dares to wear that dress. 我不知道她怎么敢穿那件连衣裙。
⑶I’ve never dared (to) go back to look.我再也不敢回去看一眼了。
*aux.“胆敢,竟敢”,无人称和数的变化,用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中
eg.
⑴How dare you say I’m unfair? 你怎么敢说我不公平?
⑵He dare not speak English before such a crowd, dare he? 他不敢在这么多人面前说英语,是吗?
⑶They said he dared not come.他们说他不敢来。
*I dare say 我揣测
eg.
You are tired, I dare say. 你可能累了
高考题例:
I wonder how he ______ that to the teacher. （1995上海高考）
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
分析: A应为dares to say; B,C排除;dare为情态动词,有过去式, 即dared.
答案:D
同步练习:
一、单词拼写:
1.You can take some______（胶囊）to treat your cold.
2.They p_____ down the old building to build a hotel.
3.You have to______（更换）the old office equipment with computers.
4.The red lines on the maps r_______ railways.
5.The painter is very good at painting people. He is a good p______ painter.
6.When people speak they like to use _____（手势）to help them.
7.The lovely girl’s f_____ expressions suggest that she is very happy.
8.Sportsmen try their best to_______（竞争）for gold medals.
9.Her new red dress produced quite a good _____（影响）on everyone.
10.Jack’s parents are satisfied with him as he ______（排列）no.4 in the mid－term exam.
11.Those who love peace wish to seek a peaceful s______ to the argument.
12.Why do _______（青少年）like cell phones so much？
13.When you _______（按）the button , the machine will open quickly.
14.The Los Angles Lakers and the Spurs _______（战平）2-2 in the semi-final.
15.The S_______ of Liberty stands on Manhattan Island.
二、单项选择:
1.Teaching is an art _______on a science.
A. basing B. based C. is based D. bases
2.Blackmail（敲诈）is something that should never be______； but that’s easier said than done.
A. given up B. given in C. given up to D. given in to.
3.He has great difficulty in working out the problem ，so we should do what we_____ him.
A. can help B. can do help C. can to help D. can helping.
4.When she returned home ,she began to ______her long hair and wash it.
A. pull up B. pull down C. do up D. do down.
5.I don’t know the restaurant, but it’s_______ to be a good one.
A. said B. told C. spoken D. talked.
6.He was a good swimmer, so he ______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. must D. was able to.
7 .It ______ almost every day so far this month.
A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. has rained.
8.He went back home _____and never failed to do that.
A. every another day B. every two day
C. every other day D. every second days.
9.Her hair’s the same colour ________ .
A. of her mother B. as her mother.
C. with her mother’s D. as her mother’s.
10.He promised me that he would do his best _______ here in time.
A. arriving B. getting to C. to reach D. to arrive at.
11.You can never imagine ________ he takes in doing the experiment.
A. part B. a part C. the part D. parts.
12.There will be a discussion tomorrow ；all those who want to_______ , please raise your hands.
A. join B. take part C. take apart D. take part in.
13.Jack is sure to pass the exam , for he is well ________ for it.
A. preparing B. prepared C. of ready D. getting ready
14.Gandhi was ______ a clever lawyer and a political leader ； he was also a determined fighter for human rights.
A. just B. really C. more than D. above
15.Time ______ , you should get down to work now .
A. touches B. presses C. short D. little
16.It’s better to keep a little for the night _______need.
A. in danger of B. in face of C. in the way of D. in case of.
17.Her kindness ______her beauty .
A. added B. added to C. added up to D. was added to
18.I’m very sorry that I didn’t succeed ______ myself understood.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. in making
19.Many new questions ________ at the meeting .
A. went up B. raised C. came up with D. came up
20.The boy had always dreamed _______ a teacher , and now his dream has ______ .
A. to become ；come truly B. of becoming； come true
C. to become ；come true D. of becoming ；come truly.
答案与提示:
一、
1.capsules
2.pulled
3.replace
4.represent
5.portrait
6.gestures
7.facial
8.compete
9.effect
10.ranked
11.solution
12.teenagers
13.press
14tied
15.Statue
二、
1.B be based on “以…为基础” ，此处过去分词短语做定语。
2 D give in to 向…让步 ，迁就。
3 C do what we can to help sb.尽力去帮助某人 ，不定式作目的状语 。
4.B pull down 此处为“拉下，放开”。
5.A 据说 sth.is said to ；it is said that sth …….
6.D be able to表示设法做成了某事，侧重结果。
7.D so far 到目前为止，与完成时连用。
8.C 每隔一天：every two days/every other day/every second day.
9.D the same … as 与… 相似 。
10.C do one’s best to do, here 此处为名词 。
11.C take a part in 因从句为定语从句 ，part 为先行词，故用the part he takes.
12.B take part 参加，若有宾语加in .
13.B be well prepared for 做好了准备。
14.C more than 不仅是，相当于 not only.
15.B press 此处为不及物动词，“紧迫”。
16.D in case of 万一发生……
17.B add to 增加；add up to 加起来总计。
18.D succeed in doing sth..成功地干某事。
19.D come up 被提出，主语是物，come up with 主语为人顾应用被动形式，raise 也应用被动式。
20.B dream of dong sth ；come true 实现。
篇6：高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 1---3
重点词汇与短语：
1. hunt for 搜索, 追寻
2. care about 担心, 关心
3. such as 例如
4. drop sb. a line 给某人写信
5. be fond of 喜欢
6. in order to 为了
7. all the time 一直
8. argue with sb. about sth. 同某人争论某事
9. all alone 独自
10. develop a friendship with sb. 和某人建立友谊
11. even though 即使, 尽管
12. treat …as 把…当作
13. surf the Internet 上网冲浪
14. on a flight 在飞行中
15. too much太多
16. should have done 本应当做某事
17. be into sth./ doing sth. 喜欢
18. be quick in/ at 在某方面敏捷
19. make oneself at home 别客气
20. in total 总共
21. except for 除了…之外
22. stay up 熬夜
23. come about 发生
24. end up with以…告终
25. bring in 引进，引来
26. a great many 许多
27. all the way 一路上，从头至尾
28. communicate with 与…交流
29. have a good knowledge of 了解，掌握
30. with 复合结构
31. compare… with… 把…和…进行比较
32. share happiness and sorrow 同甘共苦
33. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
34. stay the same 保持不变
35. more or less 或多或少
36. consider doing/sb. to do/ sb,. (to be)
37. get away from 逃离
38. watch out 注意，当心
39. instead of 代替
40. go off 离开
41. protect from 保护，保卫
42. for fun 好玩
知识点归纳：
1．argue (vi.﹠vt.): express an opposite opinion；exchange angry words；quarrel 争论，争辩
常用于以下句型：
argue with sb. about/ over sth 同某人争论某事
argue that…用辩论证明
argue sb. to be 表明，证明
argue for/ against 为/为反对 …而辩论
例句：
⑴The couple next door are always arguing.
隔壁的夫妇总是争吵
⑵We argued with each other about the justice of the war.
我们就这场战争是否正当展开了争论
⑶Mr.Smith argued that he should be paid more.
史密斯先生据理力争他应得到更多的工薪
⑷The way he spends money argues him to be rich.
他花钱的方式说明他很富有
⑸His accent argues him to be a southerner.
他的口音表明他是个南方人
⑹He argues that the experiment could be done in another way.
他论证说这项实验可以换一种方法进行
⑺The workers argued for the right to strike.
工人们为争取罢工的权利而辩论
* argument (n.) 争论，论据，论点
⑴They got into quite a heated argument.
他们的争论达到了白热化。
⑵We couldn’t follow his argument.
我们不理解他的论点。
2．too much 具有形容词、副词和代词的功能，在句中可作定语、表语、状语、主语或宾语，表示“太多（的）、过分（的）、好极（的）”意思
⑴But too much snow can cause trouble.
但是雪太大可能引起麻烦(too much为形容词，作定语)
⑵She is afraid the trip will be too much for me.
她认为这次旅行对我来说强人所难(too much为形容词，作表语)
⑶She does not talk too much.
她谈得不太多（too much为副词，作状语）
⑷Too much has been said about it.
关于这事讲得太多了(too much为代词，作主语)
辨析：much too “太…”，中心词是副词too，用来修饰形容词和副词，在句中作状语
⑴These shoes are much too narrow for me.
这双鞋我穿实在太窄了
⑵You are much too thin to play the part of Falstaff.
你太瘦了，不能演福尔塔夫这个角色
高考题例：
Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _____ to carry all the way home.(NMET)
A. much too heavy
B. too much heavy
C. heavy too much
D. too heavy much
分析：
heavy为形容词，故应用much too修饰
答案：A
3. in order to do sth.
so as to do sth
to do sth
它们都可作目的状语，其区别如下：
* 这三种不定式作目的状语，在意义上并无多大差别，相比而言，to do 比较普遍，后两种在语气上稍重些，而so as to do 比较口语化，in order to do则比较正式
* 为了加强语势，突出目的，可将to do 或in order to do放在句首。
注：so as to do 不能放在全句的前面，它只能后置
⑴China is paying more and more attention to education in order to/so as to/to catch up with advanced countries in science and technology.
中国对教育越来越重视，为的是科技上赶上发达国家
⑵In order to find the book, he searched the whole house.
为了找到那本书,他翻遍了整个房子
⑶To hear better, we’ll sit in the front row.
为了听得更清楚,我们要坐在前排
* to do, in order to do 和so as to do 三种不定式作目的状语时, 一般句子的主语就是不定式的逻辑主语, 但如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语,常用for引出:
eg.
I stopped aside for her to get in.
我停下来向旁边靠了靠,让她进来
* 不定式作目的状语表达否定的目的时,一般采用so as not to或in order not to 这两种句式。如：
⑴We took a taxi so as not to be late.
我们是搭出租车去的，以免迟到
⑵He worked slowly in order not to make any mistake.
他工作干的很慢，目的是不出错
⑶I got up early so as not to miss the first train.
我大清早起床，目的是不误第一班火车
4. treat vt. 对待，治疗，款待
常用于以下句型：
treat…as… 把…看作
treat sb. to sth. 用…款待某人
treat sb. for… 给某人治…病
eg.
⑴Don’t treat me as a child.
不要把我当成小孩看待
⑵Why do you treat the matter as a joke?
你为什么把这件事当作儿戏
⑶Peter treated me to an ice-cream.
彼得请我吃了冰激凌
⑷The doctors and the nurses risked their lives treating the patient for SARS.
医生和护士冒着生命危险为患者治疗非典
* 以下句型也常用来表示“把…当作”：
look on/ upon …as…
have…as…
think of…as/ to be…
consider …as/ to be…
regard… as…
eg.
⑴They look on others’ difficulties as their own.
他们把别人的困难当成自己的困难
⑵She thinks of the monitor as the cleverest student in the class.
她认为班长是班上最聪明的学生
⑶He always has her as his real mother.
他一直把她当作自己的母亲
⑷Abraham Lincoln is considered as one of the greatest American President.
亚伯拉罕林肯被认为是美国最伟大的总统之一
⑸All the patients regard him as a good doctor.
所有的病人都认为他是一名出色的医生
高考题例：
More patients___ in hospital this year than last year.(2004江苏高考)
A. treated
B. have treated
C. had been treated
D. have been treated
分析：
根据句意, “treat”的意思是 “治疗”,而且是发生在今年,故用现在完成时态的被动式
答案: D
5. share vt. ﹠ vi. 分享,共用,等分
share (in) sth. with sb.
⑴The children shared the cake equally.
孩子们平分了蛋糕
⑵Ten teachers shared the office.
十名教师合用这间办公室
⑶They would share their joys and sorrows.
他们愿意同甘共苦
⑷Will you share your umbrella with me?
你能让我和你共用雨伞吗?
⑸I’ll share in the cost with you.
我愿意和你分担费用
* share n. 份额,股份,一份
⑴If you want a share of the pay, you’ll have do your share of the work.
如果你想要一份报酬,就必须做一份工作
⑵The company was formed with 1,000 shares.
这家公司组成时有1000股
⑶Here is your share of the cake.
这是你的一份蛋糕
高考题例：
Let Harry play with your toys as well, Clare----you must learn to _____.(NMET2000)
A. support
B. care
C. spare
D. share
分析：
“as well”是“也”的意思，据题意，是让 “Clare”和“Harry”两个人一起玩玩具，“share”有分享、共用的意思。
答案： D
6. So +be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 “…也如此”（用于肯定句）
Neither/Nor + be/助动词/情态动词 +主语 “ …也不” （用于否定句）
⑴I’m a teacher, and so is my husband.
我是个教师，我丈夫也是
⑵He has finished his homework, and so have I.
他完成了作业，我也完成。
⑶If you go to school early tomorrow, so shall I.
如果明天你早上学，我也早去
* so/neither/nor引导的此类倒装句，放在主语前面的助动词、情态动词或系动词be应与前一句保持一致（人称和数上作适当调整）。如：例⑴am---is；例⑵has---have；例⑶前一部分为if引导的条件句，用一般现在时表示将来，故主句使用表示将来的will/ shall。
*如果前一部分内容中没有出现助动词、情态动词或be，则应借助于助动词do/does/did。如：
①You love music, and so do I.
你热爱音乐，我也一样
②…He seldom drinks tea. 他很少喝茶
…Nor does she. 她也是
* 句子中如果用否定的派生词，后句使用so。如：
①…I dislike coffee.我不喜欢咖啡
…So does she. 她也不喜欢
②…She is unmarried.她是独身
…So am I. 我也是独身
* 如果表示前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，则需要用So it is/was with…或It is/was the same with…，如：
①Mary was born in Australia and she lived in the United States. So it was with Jane.
玛丽在澳大利亚出生，在美国居住。简也是。
②…I like English but I can’t study well.我喜欢英语但学不好。
…So it is with my brother. 我弟弟也是。
（以上两例皆可用It is/was the same with…结构
* 如果下文表示的是对上文的赞成或肯定，则仅需要把so 放于句首，其后用正常语序。如：
①…She has done a good job. 她干得不错
…Yes, so she has. 是的，的确不错
②…He came to school late yesterday.他昨天上学迟到了。
…So he did.他的确迟到了
③…It is very hot today. 今天天气真热
…So it is. 是啊，的确很热
高考题例：
…David has made great progress recently.
…_______, and ______. （上海高考）
A. So he has，so you have
B. So he has，so have you
C. So has he，so have you
D. So has he，so you have
分析：
此题前一空考查的是对上文的肯定；第二个空考查同样的情况也适合你。
答案：B
7. survive v. 继续生存或存在；比…长命；经历（某事）；幸存
⑴Of the four people in the car accident, only one survived.
在车祸中的四个人中，只有一个人幸存
⑵Many customs have survived from earlier times.
许多风俗习惯源源流长
⑶Life is hard at the moment, but we’re surviving.
目前生活艰难，但我们正在挣扎求生
⑷The old lady has survived her husband.
那老妇人的丈夫先她而去世了
⑸He felt lucky to have survived the war.
经历那场战争后能幸存下来他感到很幸运
* survivor 为名词，意为“幸存者”
如：
The film Titanic is based on an experience of a survivor.
电影《泰坦尼克号》是根据一个幸存者的经历而摄制的
高考题例：
In such dry weather the flowers will have to be watered if they _____. （2001上海高考）
A. have survived
B. are to survive
C. would survive
D. will survive
分析：
be to do表示将来注定要发生。在条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来，故C、D都不能选。
8. lie vi.
lie lay lain lying平躺，位于
lie lied lied lying 撒谎
lay laid laid laying 产下，放置
⑴The corpse lay face down in a pool of blood.
尸体俯卧在血泊中。
⑵The letter lay open on his desk.
那信摊开在他的书桌上
⑶The hen laid two eggs.
母鸡产下两个鸡蛋
⑷Korea lies to the east of China.
朝鲜位于中国的东部
⑸I laid the book on the chair.
我把书放在椅子上
⑹There is a dog lying at his master’s feet.
主人的脚旁边卧着条狗
⑺She lied to me two days ago.
两天前，她向我撒了谎
*习语：lie to sb.向某人撒谎
lie in one’s teeth/ throat 睁着眼睛说瞎话，扯弥天大谎
lie one’s way into/ out of sth 撒谎以求一逞或摆脱困境
9. It be + 被强调部分 + that/ who + 其他成分
强调句型可以强调一个句子的主语、宾语、表语及状语等成分。如果被强调的成分是表示人的词，可以用that或who(whom)连接其他成分；被强调的成分是表示人以外的词，例如表示事物、时间或地点的词，用that连接其他成分。例如我们可以用强调句型强调下列句子的主语（如⑴）、宾语（如⑵）、地点状语（如⑶）及时间状语（如⑷）
I met Peter in Japan last year.
⑴ It was I who/that met Peter in Japan last year.
⑵ It was Peter whom/that I met in Japan last year.
⑶ It was in Japan that I met Peter last year.
⑷ It was last year that I met Peter in Japan.
* not …until 也可用于强调句型
例1
Mr. Brown didn’t come back until eleven o’clock.
可变为：It was not until eleven o’clock that Mr. Brown came back.
例2
The rain didn’t stop until midnight.
可变为：It was not until midnight that the rain stopped.
* not …until 也可变为特殊疑问句
例1
It was in 1949 that the PRC was founded.
可变为：When was it that the PRC was founded?
例2
Your dad worked in this factory two years ago.
可变为：Where was it that your dad worked two years ago?
10. have difficulty (in) doing sth. 做某事有困难
其中的(in) doing sth.不可改为to do sth.；其中的difficulty 是不可数名词, 前面可以用some/ no/ little/ much等词修饰.
Eg.
⑴We had no difficulty in finding the hospital.
我们毫不费劲地找到了这所医院.
⑵Did you have any difficulty in carrying the plan?
你们执行计划有苦难吗
⑶She has little difficulty in learning maths.
她学习数学几乎没什么困难
⑷I had much difficulty in talking with the foreigner.
我用英语同老外交谈很费劲
还可用下列句型表达 “做某事有困难”：
have trouble (in) doing sth.
There be difficulty in doing sth.
do sth. with/ without difficulty
⑴There is some difficulty in teaching pupils Japanese.
教小学生日语有困难
⑵He had a little difficulty in solving the problem.
解决这个问题，他有一点困难
⑶Tom climbed the tree without difficulty.
汤姆毫不费劲地爬上了树
注：
当difficulty指笼统概念时，即“困难、费力”为不可数名词（如以上例句），当它指具体的“难事、困难”时用作可数名词。如：
We’ll meet with all kinds of difficulties.
我们会遇到各种困难
11. bring in: introduce, harvest, get money or income引进，收获
⑴Country music has become big business. It brings in 300 million dollars a year.
乡村音乐发展成为一项商业，每年盈利3亿美元。
⑵They have brought in experts to advise on the project.
他们已请来专家当这项工程的顾问
⑶Farmers in the south have brought in good crops this year.
南方的农民今年收获了庄稼
⑷Don’t bring him in. He’ll do nothing to help.
别把他扯进来，他帮不上什么忙
⑸They brought in some words from their own languages.
他们把自己语言中的一些词语带了进来
其他相关短语：
bring sth. about使（某事）发生
bring sth. down 降低或减少…，使…（从空中）落下
bring sth. up 培养、养育某人，呕吐
bring …and …together 促使(争执双方)和解
bring out生产出,出版
⑴The Liberals wish to bring about changes in the electoral system..
自用党人想要改变选举制度
⑵The prices have been brought.
价格已经下降了
⑶Her parents died when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她小时侯父母就去世了,是由她姑姑养大的
⑷An enemy fighter was brought down.
一架敌机被击落了
⑸The loss of their son brought the parents together.
双方因失去儿子而言归于好
⑹He brought out his lunch just now.
他刚刚把吃进去的午饭吐出来了
⑺New personal computers are brought out almost daily.
几乎每天都有个人计算机推出
12. except:
表示同类别事物中除去若干,常与no,all,none,nothing,everything等包含全部的词连用, 位于句首时不用except,常用except for; 它后面可接介词短语、副词、不定式以及that, when, where等引导的从句(except for不能这样用)
except for:
指不同类别的事情或性质不同的事情,或表示某人/物 在总体上是好的,只是其中的某个细节或某个环节不尽人意
eg.
⑴Except for Li Ming, they are all workers.
除了李明之外,他们都是工人
⑵Everybody except John was able to answer the question.
除了约翰之外,每个人都回答出了问题
⑶The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名词不同类)
这个房间空空的,只不过有把破椅子
⑷I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan.
我对他一无所知,只是知道他来自日本
⑸She goes to school by bike except when it rains.
她骑自行车去上学,除了下雨时不骑
⑹He could do nothing except walk home.(except前若有实义动词do,则后面接不带to的不定式)
他只好走着回家了
=He had no choice but to walk home.( except前若没有实义动词do,则后面接带to的不定式)
高考题例:
I know nothing about the young lady ________ she is from Beijing. (2000上海高考)
A. except
B. except for
C. except that
D.besides
分析：
except for与except that同义，但except for后不能接句子，后句“she is from Beijing”是一个完整的陈述句，故用except that连接，that不作成分。
答案：C
*besides: (prep.) “除…之外还有”，常与also, else, other等词连用。如：
⑴Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football.
除了网球之外，他还打篮球和踢足球。
⑵I have three other dictionaries besides this one.
除了这本词典，我还有三本别的词典。
*besides: (adv.) 此外，而且
⑴I haven’t time to see the film-----besides, it’s had dreadful reviews.
我没有时间去看这部影片，再说，影评也诸多贬斥。
⑵I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late.
我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。
13. with的复合结构 ：常在句中作状语，表示伴随动作、行为方式及原因、条件或结果等情况。
with + 宾语 +prep./adj./ adv./ doing/ to do(表示要执行的动作)/done（表示动作的完成及被动）
⑴She often sleeps with the window open. (adj.)
她经常开着窗户睡觉。
⑵He came in with a book in his hand. (prep.)
他手里拿着本书进来了
⑶She felt scared with so many people looking at her. （doing）
这么多人看着她，她感到害怕。
⑷He was brought in with his hands tied back.. (done)
他双手绑在身后被带了进来
⑸With everything bought, he left the market. (done)
买完了所需要的东西之后，他离开了市场
⑹The king came in, with all his servants following him. (doing)
国王进来了，身后跟着所有的仆人。
⑺With nothing to do, he went out for a walk .
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步
⑻He left his room with the light on. (adv.)
他离开了房间，灯亮着
高考题例1：
With a lot of difficult problems _____, the newly-elected president is having a hard time.(2002上海高考)
A. settled
B. settling
C. to settle
D. being settled
分析：
因后句的进行时表示将来，“新当选的总统将要度过一段艰难的时光”，故用“with＋宾语＋不定式”表示将来要执行的动作。
答案：C
高考题例2：
_____two exams to worry about, I have to work really hard this weekend.(2004北京高考)
A. With
B. Besides
C. As for
D. Because of
分析：
根据句意，此处应采用“with +宾语+不定式”
答案：A
14. a great / good many
修饰可数名词，它的后面不能接of短语，但当名词前有the, these, those, my, 等词时，需加上介词of
⑴A great many students like the movie.
好多学生喜欢这部电影
⑵We have read a good many books.
我们读过许多书籍
⑶He has read a great many of the novels in this library.
他已读了图书馆中的许多书
⑷A good many of his books were bought from this bookstore.
他的许多书是从这个书店里买的
其他表示“许多”的短语：
many a +单数名词
a (large/great) number of + 复数名词
plenty of +不可数名词／复数名词
quite a few + 复数名词
a great deal of +不可数名词
a large amount of +不可数名词
⑴Many a strong man has weakened before such a challenge.
很多坚强的人面对这种困难都动摇了
⑵A number of people have read this magazine.
好多人看过这本杂志
⑶There were quite a few copies sold on the first day.
第一天就卖了好多本
⑷She spent a great deal of money on clothes.
她花了许多钱买衣服
⑸They have a large amount of work to do.
他们有大量的工作要做
⑹There’s plenty of rain in my hometown.
我的家乡雨水大
⑺There are plenty of eggs in the basket.
篮子里有许多鸡蛋
15. have a good knowledge of …了解，懂得，掌握
have no knowledge of…不知道，不了解
to one’s knowledge 据…所知
without the knowledge of在…不知道的情况下
come to sb’s knowledge 被某人知悉
⑴I have a good knowledge of Chinese history.
我通晓中国历史
⑵A baby has no knowledge of good and evil.
婴儿不知善恶
⑶He sold the car without his wife’s knowledge.
他瞒着妻子把汽车卖了
⑷To my knowledge, she has never been late before.
据我所知，她从来没迟到过
⑸It has come to our knowledge that you have been cheating the company.
据我们了解你一直欺骗公司
高考题例：
One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain ____ good knowledge of basic word formation. （2002上海高考）
A. /
B. the
C. a
D. one
分析：
knowledge为不可数名词，但若有形容词修饰，则加不定冠词a
答案：C
16. consider
①考虑 consider sth./ doing
He is considering going abroad.
他正考虑出国。
I’m considering changing my job.
我在考虑换工作。
I will consider your offer and tell you my decision tomorrow.
对你的提议我要考虑一下，明天告诉你我的决定。
②想，认为
+ 宾语+（to be）+ adj./ n.
consider + 宾语+ as + n./adj.
+ that 从句
I consider it a great honor.
我认为这是件很荣幸的事情。
We consider money (to be) important.
我们认为金钱是重要的。
We all consider him loyal to his friends.
我们都认为他对朋友忠诚。
We consider it important to learn a foreign language.
我们认为再学一门外语非常重要。
Lincoln was considered one of the greatest presidents in American history.
林肯被认为是美国历史上最伟大的总统之一。
We all consider that you did a good deed.
我们都认为你做了件好事。
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我认为下午不会天晴。
③consideration n. 考虑
considering prep. 考虑到，鉴于
considerable adj. 相当大的
The question is worthy of consideration.
这个问题值得考虑。
She is very active, considering her age.
考虑到她的年龄，她很活跃了。
A considerable number of people object to the policy of the government.
相当多的人反对政府这一政策。
④take sth. into consideration 对某事加以考虑
under consideration 在考虑中
out of consideration未加考虑
When marking Tom’s exam papers, the teacher took his long illness into consideration.
批改汤姆的试卷时，老师考虑到了他长时间的生病。
There is one important fact that has been out of consideration.
有一重要事实未考虑到。
高考链接
Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first computer. (NMET 1993)
A. to invent
B. inventing
C. to have invented
D. having invented
答案：C
分析：
该句为 consider sb. to do 的被动结构，即 be considered to do, 同时要注意不定式的时态。因为“发明电脑”发生在“认为”之前，故不定式用完成时。
17. means n.
a)手段，方法 （单复数同形）
a means of transport/ communication
运输工具／通讯工具
The quickest means of travel is by air.
最快捷的旅行方式是乘飞机。
All possible means have been tried.
一切可能的办法都已经被尝试过了。
b)by means of 用，依靠
by all means 一定，务必，当然
by no means 决不，并未
She could not speak, but made her wishes known by means of signs.
她不会说话，但手势表达了她的愿望。
He succeeded by means of perseverance.
他靠毅力获得了成功。
By all means I must visit my sick friend.
我一定得去探望我生病的朋友。
I can by no means pretend to be pleased with this behavior.
我决不能假装对这种行为表示满意。
---May I stay at home from school? 我可以呆在家里不去上学吗？
---By no means. 绝对不行。
c)辨析：means, method, way
三个词均表示“方法”，means指为达到一个目的或产生某种结果而采用的方法、手段，way是最普通常用的词，method 强调解决某个问题的办法，三个词与介词搭配一般为：by the means/ in the way/ with the method
18. experience
a)c.n. 经历，阅历
How many interesting experiences do you have?
你有多少有趣的经历？
Our travel by camel was an unforgettable experience.
我们骑骆驼的旅行是一次难忘的经历。
b)u.n. 经验，体验
She has so much experience of teaching.
她有丰富的教学经验。
I know from experience that he will be late.
就我的经验判断他会来晚的。
c)v. 经历，感觉，感受，体验
Have you experienced an earthquake?
你有没有体验过地震？
For the first time, we experienced defeat.
我们第一次遭遇失败。
d)experienced adj. 有经验的，熟练的
He is experienced in hunting.
他打猎很有经验。
The factory is in need of experienced workers.
这个工厂需要熟练工人。
19. protect
a)v. 保卫，保护
We’re having good holidays while soldiers are protecting our country.
我们在幸福地享受假期，而士兵们却在保卫祖国。
There’re fewer animals. It’s important for us to protect them.
动物们越来越少，对于我们来说保护他们很重要。
b)protect---from/against--- 保护---使不受，防御
He is wearing sunglasses to protect his eyes from the strong sunlight.
他戴着太阳镜以遮挡强烈的阳光。
He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.
他举起手臂挡住脸躲过了这一击。
Villagers planted lots of trees to protect soil from being washed away.
村民们种了许多树防止水土流失。
c)protection n. 保护，防御
under the protection of
在---的保护下
The hat will give protection against the sun.
这顶帽子可遮阳。
The chicks are under the protection of the hen.
小鸡们在母鸡的保护下。
20. separate
a)v. 分隔，分离 （常与from连用）
You’d better separate the bad apples from the good ones.
你最好把坏苹果同好苹果分开。
Many families got separated during the war.
战争期间，很多家庭妻离子散。
At this point, the satellite separates from its launcher.
此时，卫星就脱离发射器。
It’s the children who suffer when their parents separate.
父母分居时受罪的是孩子。
b)adj. 分开的，独立的，不同的
David and I have been separated for six months and we have been sleeping in separate bedrooms. 我和大卫分居6个月了，我们一直睡在各自的卧室里。
He tries to keep his professional life separate from his private life.
他尽量把他的职场生活和私人生活完全分开。
c)separate, divide separate着重指把原来结合在一起的、混合在一起的事物或人分开或隔离，divide着重指将整体分成若干部分。
The whole class was divided into five groups.
全班分成了5组。
England is separated from France by the Channel.
英法两国由英吉利海峡隔开。
21. watch out
a)当心，注意，常与for连用
watch out for sb./ sth. (to do)
You can’t learn English well without watching out for idiomatic ways of saying things. 如果不注意讲话中的习惯表达方式，你就学不好英语。
Watch out for a chance to improve your position in the company；they don’t come very often. 要注意抓住提高你在公司地位的机会，这种机会并不多。
I’m always watching out for mistakes that I may have missed before.
我总是警惕过去可能没有注意到的错误。
b)Watch it! = Watch out!
watch over 照看，看守
Watch it! You nearly knocked into the car.
当心，你差点撞到那辆车上。
22. 现在进行时的特殊用法
a)现在进行时可表示将来安排好的活动或事件,常见的动词有arrive, come, go, leave, return, stay, travel, play等，并常与表将来的时间状语连用。
We’re spending next winter in Australia.
我们将在澳大利亚度过明年冬天。
How many of you are making the trip?
你们中有多少人去旅行？
We’re having a party in our house tonight.
今晚我们在家里开茶话会。
b)现在进行时与副词always, often, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示说话人一种强烈的情感。
He is always helping people.
他总是帮助别人。（赞扬）
She is always borrowing money and forgetting to pay you back.
她总是向人借钱而忘记还人家。（不满）
高考链接
I’ve won a holiday for two to Florida. I _____ my mum. (2002北京)
A. am taking
B. have taken
C. take
D. will have taken
答案：A
分析：
此处运用现在进行时表示按计划要发生的动作。
同步练习：
一、单项选择
1. ---I hear Bill likes playing basketball.
---Yes, ________, and _______.
A. he does；so like me
B. he is；either do I
C. so he does；so do I
D. he does so；so am I
2. These math problems are _______ difficult for me. Could you please help me out?
A. much too
B. too much
C. very much
D. such
3. ---Do you know which team won the game?
---I don’t know, ______.
A. nor do I care
B. nor I care
C. neither will I care
D. I don’t care, too
4. Although the little girl was ______ at home, she didn’t feel _____ at all.
A. alone, lonely
B. lonely, alone
C. alone, alone
D. lonely, lonely
5. One day Chuck is ______ a flight _____ the Pacific Ocean ______ suddenly his plane crashes.
A. in, over, while
B. on, across, when
C. with, through, when
D. on , across, while
6. Was ______ in this place that he saved the boy?
A. that
B. it
C. he
D. this
7. Helen and Linda were introduced to each other _______ at a party.
A. for the first time
B. the first time
C. all the time
D. for some time
8. What was it ______ you found in the hole?
A. that
B. which
C. and
D. this
9. Make yourself ______ home and help yourself ______ anything that you’d like to eat.
A. in, with
B. at , to
C. at, with
D. in, to
10. The _______ of students are against your plan.
A. most
B. many
C. number
D. majority
11. A great ______ of foreign guests come to out school for a visit every year.
A. deal
B. number
C. plenty
D. lot
12. The house is beautifully built ______ its chimney.
A. except
B. except for
C. besides
D. except that
13. He ran out with his face ______ in hands.
A. bury
B. burying
C. buried
D. to bury
14. Many people agree that ______ knowledge of English is a must in _______ international trade today.
A. a, /
B. the, an
C. the, the
D. /, the
15. All possible means ______ been tried.
A. is
B. are
C. has
D. have
二、完形填空
Like most July days, it was hot. I stepped into a tiny ice-cream shop to cool off with a chocolate ice-cream. It was a very 1 store with little round tables and chairs.
As I entered, I found a very old woman bent over a 2 near the door. Her back was so
3 twisted by some misfortune that her face nearly 4 the tabletop. I sat down 5 her a couple of tables away.
“Poor woman, ” I thought. “What does she 6 life ? Why does God let people live so long past their prime（鼎盛时）?”
As I thought, another 7 lady entered the shop and sat down with her. Soon the two of them were 8 childhood days. They talked of how little the shop had changed in 70 years. In minutes, the two of them were shaking with 9 .
I looked again at the first woman, then in the 10 on a nearby wall, catching a picture of myself. I was 11 a dirty shirt. She was well dressed in white, her 12 carefully made up and her hands shining with gold rings. I was 13 . She was laughing, smiling. I was putting the 14 of my life together . She had millions of 15 memories to recall. I sat alone. She was 16 the day with a good friend. 17 I was worried about getting old. She was old, but it wasn’t 18 her. As I left the shop, I 19 my foolish question about God letting people live past their prime. Why , that woman was more 20 , more sensitive to life, than I was. Age has not bent her spirit.
1. A. different B. modern C. prettyD. old-time
2. A. computerB. cushion C. tableD. customer
3. A. badly B. suddenlyC. actually D. fully
4. A. broke B. touchedC .hit D. knocked
5. A. facing B. leaving C. following D. serving
6. A. devote to B. get out of C. learn about D. keep away from
7. A. aged B. married C. dated D. Separated
8. A. speaking of B. talking about C. thinking over D. planning for
9. A. food B. fear C. cold D. laughter
10. A. newspaper B. window C. mirror D. picture
11. A. dressing B. wearing C. putting on D. having on
12. A. face B. neck C. back D. head
13. A. happy B. surprisedC. poor D. sad
14. A. periods B. pieces C. points D. goals
15. A. terrible B. difficult C. wonderfulD. fresh
16. A. sharing B. spendingC. taking D. sparing
17. A. In public B. As a result C. Above all D. In secret
18. A. pleasing B. hurtingC. envying D. punishing
19. A. realized B. wondered C. gave up D. thought of
20. A. aliveB. changeable C. hopeful D. interesting
三、单词拼写
1. It’s a great ______(挑战) for Tom to open his own business.
2. A land which is surrounded by water is called an _______(岛).
3. If you were alone on the island, what would you do in order to _______(活下来).
4. We are good friends though sometimes we have different ideas and _____(争论) about them.
5. Tony is _____(喜欢) of pop music but I prefer classical music.
6. Jane and Betty are going on _______(各自的) holidays in May.
7. Nowadays the ________(大多数) of people in Shenzhen speak Putonghua.
8. When he came in, I was having a bath in the _______(浴室).
9. He has traveled to many places. Do you know his next ______(目的地)？
10. Can you ________(想象) that we are living on the moon?
四、短文改错
Yesterday we got a call from a mid-aged man who 1. _________
name was George. He called us to say his washing machine 2. _________
had bought in our shop two months ago wasn’t as 3. _________
well as he had read from our advertisement. The 4. _________
machines works with a plenty of noises；the pipe 5. _________
leaks and the worst thing is that sometimes they doesn’t 6. _________
work at all. Therefore, he hoped that a repairman could 7. _________
sent as soon as possibly or the machine could be 8. _________
exchanged if it couldn’t be repaired. He doesn’t hope his machine 9. _________
bought in our shop would take him any more trouble. 10. _________
答案与提示：
一、1. C 前一空为肯定回答,不倒装;后一空表示”我也如此”,倒装。
2. A much too后加形容词或副词。
3. A nor引起倒装句，表示与否定情况相同。
4. A alone独自一人，lonely孤独的。
5. B be on a flight在飞行中，across表示穿越，when就在这时。
6. B 强调句型的一般疑问式。
7. A 表示第---次做什么用for the ---time。
8. A 强调句中定语从句用that引起。
9. B make oneself at home 别拘束，随便一点；help oneself to sth. 随便吃或用。
10. D the majority of students= most of the students= most students
11. B a large number of 修饰复数名词。
12. B except for排除的是主语的一部分，表示整体中的个例。
13. C with复合结构中的宾语补足语，bury与face 为动宾关系，因此用过去分词。
14. A 第一空用a抽象名词具体化，表示某一方面的知识；第二空泛指国际贸易，不用冠词。
15. D means单复数同形，由all可知此处为复数。
二、1. D 根据后文的“how little the shop had changed in 70 years”。
2. C 她应该是弯腰坐在门边的桌旁。
3. A 表示程度，背驼得很厉害。
4. B 由于背驼得厉害，以至于脸差点接触到桌面。
5. A 根据后文，我一直关注着她的一举一动，所以应试面对她。
6. B 我十分可怜她，心想她这一辈子从生活中得到了什么。
7. A 这两位都是老太太，很好的朋友。
8. B 朋友相聚，谈论旧日时光。
9. D 回忆过去，十分温馨，而由shaking可知，他们在开怀大笑。
10. C 我看见了自己，因此应是镜子。
11. B 表状态，用wear,且常用于进行时中。
12. A made up表示化妆，因此应为face。
13. D 此处有多组句子将我和老太太进行对比，下句为”she was laughing”,因此我应是sad。
14. B pieces of my life 表示我生活的片段，暗示我支离破碎的生活。
15. C 同上句形成对比。
16. A 强调分享。
17. D 虽然我很年轻，但我很悲观，暗自担心变老
18. B hurt在此表示未对她造成影响。
19. D 离开时我再次想起了开始我问上帝的那个问题，下文中也有进一步的感悟。
20. A alive与aged形成鲜明对比，达到最佳表现效果。
三、1. challenge 2. island 3. survive 4. argue5. fond
6. separate 7. majority 8. bathroom 9. destination 10. imagine
四、1. who----whose whose在此引导定语从句，且充当定语，修饰name
2. 正确
3. 去掉had “bought in our shop two months ago” 在句中充当定语。
4. well----good good作be的表语，所以用形容词。
5. 去掉a plenty of “许多”，固定短语，前面不可以加冠词。
6. they----it it指代上文中提到的his washing machine
7. could后加be 此处应用被动语态。
8. possibly----possible as soon as possible “尽可能快”，固定短语
9. doesn’t---didn’t 这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。
10. take---bring 此处意思为“带来麻烦”。
篇7：高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 10---12
北 京 四 中
重点词汇、短语与句型：
1.in danger 在危险中
2.die out 灭绝，逐渐消失
3.as a result of作为…的结果
4.lead to 导致
5.take measures 采取措施
6.adapt to 适应
7.at present 现在，目前
8.devote to 献身于…，专心于
9.make a difference 有关系，有影响
10.in the wild 在自然环境中
11.throw away 扔掉
12.in common 共同（的），共有（的）
13.turn …into 把…变成
14.become endangered 变的处境危险，受到危害
15.before 的用法
16.set free 释放
17.reduce 的用法
18.respond to 回答，对…作出反应
19.give advice 提出建议
20.a large amount of 大量的
21.spread的用法
22.to表示“伴随，按照”
23.a series of 一连串的，一系列，一套
24.in trouble 处于困境
25.come across 偶然遇见,碰见
26.believe in 信任，信仰
27.turn around 转过身来
28.not just…but… 不仅…而且…
29.原因和结果：
Why…?
Because/As/Since
Because of … , I …
If…, then…
As a result of…
It follows that…
30.做出决定和看法：
I’d prefer to…
Which do you prefer, …or …?
Can’t we…?
There are several things we could do.
知识点归纳：
1.before 从属连词，“在…之前”，但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样。
表示“…才…” “没来得及…就” “…后…才…”
eg.
⑴He measured me before I could get in a word.没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。
⑵She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。
⑶He asked a second question before I could answer the first question.
我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。
⑷I hadn’t waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。
⑸We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.
不等天太热，我们一大清早就出发。
⑹They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.
他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。
⑺We walked a whole day before we got to the forest.我们走了一整天才到了森林。
*before 还常用于下列句型：
It won’t be …before… 用不了（多长时间）就会…
It will be…before…得过（多长时间）才…
It wasn’t …before… 没过（多长时间）就…
It was…before… 过了（多长时间）才…
⑴It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。
⑵It wasn’t long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。
⑶It was some time before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。
⑷It won’t be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。
高考题链接：
①Someone called me up in the middle of night, but they hung up_________ I could answer the phone.（NMET）
A. as B. since C. until D. before
分析：根据语境，“半夜有人给我打了电话”以及“but”一词的语气（表转折），可知“我还没来得及接，电话就挂断了”。
答案：D
②The American Civil War lasted four years______ the North won in the end.（广东高考）
A. after B. before C. when D. then
分析：本句意为“美国国内战争持续了四年，北方才最终获胜”。after和when在此句中做连接词，不符和上下文的语境。then是副词，意为“然后”，如选D，要在then前加连词and。
答案：B
2.devote vt. 致力于，把…专用于…
*常用于以下结构：(其中的to 是介词，因此其后面应接sth./doing sth..)
devote oneself to …
devote one’s life to…
devote time to …
devote money to…
devote energy to…
be devoted to…
eg.
⑴He has devoted his whole life to science.他把一生都献给了科学事业。
⑵I don’t think it worthwhile to devote so much time to discussing the matter.
我认为要花这么多时间来讨论这件事不值得。
⑶They devoted all their hours to working in their laboratory.
他们把所有的时间都投入到实验室的工作中。
⑷He devoted himself to protecting the wild animals.他致力于保护野生动物。
⑸Mr. Smith devoted all his life to helping the disabled.史密斯毕生致力于帮助残疾人。
⑹The newly married couple living next door to us are devoted to sports.
住在我们隔壁的那对新婚夫妇非常喜欢体育运动。
⑺The magazine is devoted to science.这本杂志专门刊载科技文章。
*devoted adj. 献身…的，专心于…的；忠实的
eg.
⑴He is a devoted son.他是一个孝子。
⑵She is a devoted wife and mother.她是一个贤妻良母。
⑶He is devoted to his children.他深爱他的孩子。
高考题链接：
Although the working mother is very busy, she still ________ a lot of time to children.（2000上海高考）
A. devotes B. spends C. offers D. provides
分析：根据语境，“尽管母亲工作忙，她仍然把好多时间用在孩子身上”。四个选项中只有devote和spend可以表示“某人花时间…”，而spend 用于spend time （in） doing sth.结构，所以此处应用
devote one’s time to （把时间用于…）。
答案：A
3.danger n. 危险
常用于以下词组中：
in danger 在危险中（指句子主语的处境危险）
in danger of… 有…的危险
in no danger没有危险
in great danger 十分危险
out of danger 脱险
eg.
⑴His life is in danger.他生命有危险。
⑵The workers in danger have been rescued.处于危险中的工人已被解救。
⑶They were in danger of death.他们有死亡的危险。
⑷She is in danger of losing her job.她有失去工作的危险。
⑸He was seriously ill a few days ago, but he is now out of danger.
他几天前病得很厉害，但现在已脱离危险期了。
⑹The doctor told the patient that he was in no danger/ out of danger.
医生告诉病人他已脱离危险。
⑺Ships out in this storm are in great danger.轮船在这种风暴中出航要冒极大的危险。
*类似的词组有：
(be) in work 在业，有工作
(be) out of work 失业，无工作
(be) at work 表示（人）正在工作，从事于，（机器）正在运转
eg.
⑴He is in work again. 他又有工作了。
⑵The workers out of work are on strike.失业的工人在罢工。
⑶My father was at work at that time.我父亲当时在工作。
⑷The new machine is at work.这台新机器在运转。
*dangerous adj. “危险的”， 指主语本身会给周围的人或物造成的危险。
dangerously adv.
eg.
⑴The river is dangerous for swimmers. 在这条河里游泳有危险。
⑵He is a dangerous guy .他是个危险人物。
⑶That machine is dangerous : the wiring is faulty.这个机器危险：电线有毛病。
⑷The busy road is dangerous to small children.道路拥挤繁忙，对小孩太危险。
⑸The man was driving dangerously.那名男子在危险驾驶。
*endanger v. 危害，危及（某人/ 某事物），使遭受危险
eg.
⑴The oil spill endangered thousands of birds.石油的溢泄危及成千上万的鸟儿。
⑵The polluted air in the city is badly endangering the health of the people.
城市中被污染的空气严重地危及人民的健康。
⑶Drunk-drinking can not only cause traffic accidents, but also endanger the lives of pedestrians.酒后驾车不仅会造成交通事故，而且会危害到行人的生命。
考题链接：
It seemed that he was _____ losing his life. Luckily, he was ____ in the end.
A. in the danger of; out of danger
B. in danger of; out of danger
C. in the danger of; out of the danger
D. in danger of; out of the danger
分析：根据句意：看起来他似乎有失去工作的危险，幸运的是，他最终脱离了险境。
in danger of doing sth.有…的危险，其反义词为out of danger。
答案：B
4.to 介词，按…… 节拍；伴随。如：
⑴She often sings to the piano.她常用钢琴伴唱。
⑵This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to.
这种音乐在英国很有名，是很好的舞蹈音乐。
⑶The students are doing eye exercises to music.学生们正在跟着音乐做眼保健操。
⑷The map was drawn to scale.这地图是按比例绘制的。
其他to短语：
grow to a length of 15 meters 长到15米
dive to a depth of 1000 meters 潜入到1000米深
wet to the skin湿透
be moved to tears 感动得流泪
be frozen to death 冻僵
fight to the last man 战斗到最后一人
5.satisfy vt.
*使（某人）满意或满足；
eg.
⑴Nothing satisfies him; he’s always complaining.他对什么都不满意，总是抱怨。
⑵That answer won’t satisfy her.那样的答复不会使她满意。
*满足（需要、愿望等），达到（要求等）
eg.
⑴She has satisfied the conditions for entry into the college.她已符合进入这所学院的条件。
⑵They tried to satisfy the needs of the people for vegetables.他们尽量满足人们对蔬菜的需求。
*satisfied adj. （感到）满意的
satisfying adj. 令人满意的
satisfaction n.
常用短语：
be satisfied with/ that…
to one’s satisfaction 使某人满意的是
eg.
⑴I’m satisfied with you/ your answer/ what you said.我对你/ 你的答复/你所说的话很满意。
⑵She is quite satisfied now that his letter has come.他的信收到了，她感到相当满意。
⑶She gave a satisfied smile. 她露出了满意的笑容。
⑷I felt quite satisfied after my big meal.我这顿饭吃的很多，觉得很饱。
⑸It was a satisfying result.这是一个令人满意的结果。
⑹This is a satisfying job.这是一个令人满意的工作。
⑺I expressed my satisfaction with these clothes.我对这些衣服表示满意。
⑻To our satisfaction, he solved the problem alone.令我们满意的是，他独自解决了难题。
*介词with 常与某些动词的过去分词连用，构成比较固定的搭配，但译成汉语却很灵活。如：
be filled with 充满…
be crowded with 挤满…
be covered with 覆盖着…
be equipped with 装备有…
be piled with 堆满…
高考链接：
Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does ______ his boss.（2000北京、安徽春季高考）
A. serves B. satisfied C. promise D. supports
分析：根据题意：“Nick正在寻找另一份工作，因为他所做的一切都不能使老板满意”以及各个选项的词义（serve为…服务，promise承诺，support支持），可知选satisfied。
6.measure v. 测量，量度，判定
eg.
⑴The tailor measured me for suit.裁缝给我量尺寸做衣服。
⑵It’s hard to measure his ability when we haven’t seen his works.
我们没有看到他的作品很难估计他的能力。
⑶His eyes measured the newcomer from top to bottom.他的眼上下打量看新来的人。
⑷Did you measure the distance?你量过这段距离吗？
*measure n. “尺寸，标准，措施”，常用于下列短语：
make sth. to measure 定做
take measures 采取措施
be measured in +计量单位的复数形式 用…（作为计量单位）
eg.
⑴A metre is a measure of length.米是长度单位。
⑵The tailor made a suit to my measure.裁缝为我定做了西装。
⑶The government took measures to stop pollution.政府已采取措施防止污染。
⑷The authorities took measures to prevent tax fraud.当局已采取措施防止偷税漏税。
⑸The energy is measured in calories.能量是以卡为单位计量的。
⑹It seems that the dress is made to her measure.好像这连衣裙是给她定做的。
考题链接：
What measures were ____ to reduce the air pollution in that area then?
A.acted B.taken C.given D.done
分析：采取措施：take measures，本题用于被动语态。
答案：B.
7.die out :
*（of families, species, etc.）no longer have any members left alive （指家族、物种等）死光，灭绝；
eg.
⑴The habitat of the species is being destroyed and has nearly died out.
这一物种因栖息地遭到破坏，几乎灭绝了。
⑵Dinosaurs died out.恐龙灭绝了。
⑶Elephants would die out soon if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wish.
如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，那么它们不久就会灭绝。
*（of a custom, practice, ideas, etc.）no longer be common（指习俗、做法、观念等）消失，过时；
eg.
⑴The old traditions are dying out. 旧传统正在消失。
⑵The practice of children working in factories has nearly died out.
工厂中使用童工的做法已几乎绝迹。
*（of a fire） to lose force or power（指火）熄灭。其后不接宾语
eg.
⑴It took a long time before the big fire died out . 过了很长一段时间那场大火才渐渐熄灭。
⑵The fire died out in the end.火终于熄灭了。
其他常见的die 短语：
*die from ：常用于由于外部创伤或间接的原因致死
eg.
He died from an accident /a wound/ overwork /polluted air /carelessness.
他死于事故 /受伤/过度劳累 / 污染的空气 / 粗心。
*die of：一般用于害病，疲劳，寒冷，饥渴，年老，失望，悲伤等感情原因造成死亡
eg.
He died of joy/ fear /disappointment / grief /old age /hunger /cold.
他死于高兴 / 恐惧 / 失望 / 悲伤 /年老 /饥饿 /寒冷。
当表示因病而死时，用die of 或die from均可，如：die of/ from illness（因病而死），die of/from heart disease/cancer （死于心脏病/癌症）。
*die for “为…而死，为…献身”，表示因为事业或目的而死
eg.
⑴The soldiers died for his country / the revolutionary cause / the people / liberty / the national dignity.战士为国家/ 革命事业/ 人民/ 自由/ 国家的尊严而献身。
⑵To die for the people is an honour, not a misfortune.为人民而死是荣誉，不是不幸。
*die off 表示相继死去，直到绝种的意思，其后不能接宾语
eg.
⑴The members of the family had all died off.这家人一个个都死了。
⑵The poor children died off because of lack of food.由于缺乏食品孩子们一个个死去。
*dying for sth./to do sth. 渴望…
eg.
⑴I’m dying for something to eat.我极想吃点东西。
⑵He is dying to know where you’ve been.他极想知道你去哪里了。
*其他情况：
⑴Xiang Lin-sao died poor. 祥林嫂在穷困中死去。
⑵He died a millionaire.他死时是个百万富翁。
8．插入语
一般是对一句话作一些附加的解释。如果去掉插入语，对句子结构并无影响。插入语可用于陈述句, 或疑问句（要用陈述语气，且疑问词应放在插入语的前面），其位置可在句中或句末。常见的插入语有：I hope, I think, I wonder, do you believe, I guess, I suppose, you see, don’t you think, don’t you know, I tell you, what’s more等。
eg.
⑴How much money did he say he spent in traveling abroad?他说他在国外旅行花了多少钱？
⑵Which food do you think is healthy and which is unhealthy?
你认为哪种食物是有益于健康，哪种无益于健康？
⑶Where did she suggest we should shopping?她建议我们去哪儿购物？
⑷That will be a good beginning, I hope.希望这是一个良好的开端。
⑸The report, I think, was both interesting and instructive.
我觉得这个报告既有意思又有教育意义。
⑹When do you suppose they’ll be back?你认为他们会在什么时候回来？
高考题链接：
①He made another wonderful discovery , _______ of great importance to science.（上海高考）
A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is
分析：本题考查定语从句中插入语的用法，因为插入语必须位于引导词之后，所以D项不对。因为做定语从句的主语，所以不能再用it，B、C明显不对。
答案：A
②Maggie has been fortunate to find a job she loves and, _______ , she gets well paid for it.（2005浙江高考）
A. sooner or later B. what’s more C. as a result D. more or less
分析：“sooner or later”意为“迟早”，“as a result”意为“结果”，“more or less”意为“或多或少”。根据题意： “Maggie很幸运找到了她喜欢的工作，而且报酬也不错”，此处应选“what’s more”（而且），做插入语。
答案：B
③Mum is coming. What present ______ for your birthday? （2005福建高考）
A. you expect she has got
B. you expect has she got
C. do you expect she has got
D. do you expect has she got
分析：本题选项中的do you expect为插入语，用来征求对方的意见或征询对方的看法，这种特殊疑问句的主谓语应使用陈述句语序。
答案：C
9.adapt:
*适应（新环境）,常用于：adapt to sth..
adapt oneself to sth.
eg.
⑴Generally speaking, the species that are able to adapt to the change of the environment will survive, while the others will die out.
一般来说，能够适应环境变化的物种会继续生存下去，而那些适应性差的物种就灭绝。
⑵When you are abroad, you must find ways to adapt yourself to the culture and custom there.你到国外后，要设法使自己适应那里的文化和风俗习惯。
⑶Our eyes slowly adapted to the dark.我们的眼睛慢慢地适应了黑暗的环境。
*改编，改写，修改某事物
eg.
⑴The film Farewell My Concubine was adapted from the novel of the same title by Hong Kong novelist Li Bihua.电影《霸王别姬》是根据香港作家李碧华的同名长篇小说改编的。
⑵This novel has been adapted for radio from the Russian original.
那部小说已由俄文原著改编成无线电广播节目。
⑶This machine has been specially adapted for use underwater.
这机器是为水下使用而特别改装的。
*adaptable adj. 能适应的，可改编的
adaptation n. 适应，改编本
adaptability n. 适应性
adaptor n. 适配器，转接器
10.at present 目前，现在
eg.
⑴She is busy at present and can’t speak to you now.她现在忙，不能和你说话。
⑵We don’t need any help at present.我们现在不需要帮助。
*for the present 目前，暂时
eg.
⑴I’ve got enough money for the present.我的钱暂时够用。
⑵I can’t remember his name for the present.我一时记不起他的名字了。
*presently adv. “马上，立刻”， 在美国英语中也可表示“现在”的意思
eg.
⑴I’ll be with you presently.我不久就可以陪你。
⑵The Secretary of state is presently considering the proposal.国务卿现在正在考虑该项建议。
⑶The manager will be here presently.经理马上就来。
11.common adj.共同的，共用的，普通的，常见的
常用短语：
in common 共同，共用
in common with… 和…一样
out of the common 不平常的
have something / a lot/much in common with sb./sth. 和…有些（许多）共同之处
have nothing /a little/little in common with 和…没有（有一点，几乎没有）共同之处
eg.
⑴They are sisters, but they have nothing in common.他们虽是姐妹，但毫无共同之处。
⑵In common with many young people, he likes pop music.和许多年轻人一样，他喜欢流行音乐。
⑶Real friends should have everything in common.真正的朋友应该不分彼此。
⑷In common with most educated people he prefers classical music to jazz.
如同大多数受过教育的人，他也喜欢古典音乐而不喜欢爵士乐。
⑸The two brothers have little in common in their manners.这兄弟俩的举止极少有相似之处。
⑹He noticed nothing out of the common.他没发现异乎寻常的事。
考题链接：
They have a lot ______ and become good friends.
A. in case B. in common C. in surprise D. in peace
分析：根据句意：他们有许多共同之处，成了好朋友。应搭配成have a lot in common。
答案：B
12．set free 释放，…自由
⑴The PLA men broke into the prison and set all the revolutionaries free.
解放军打进监狱，把革命者全部释放。
⑵Great power is set free when water is boiled.水煮沸时会释放出巨大的能量。
⑶I opened the cage door and set the bird free.我打开鸟笼把鸟儿放了。
*free adj. 自由的，无拘无束的；免费的；空闲的
短语：be free to do sth. 自由自在，不受拘束地做某事
be free from/of… 不受…影响的
free and easy 不拘束的，轻松的
free of charge 免费
for free 免费
eg.
⑴Everyone is free to express himself.每个人都可以畅所欲言。
⑵Anyone who buys this breakfast food gets a free gift of a small plastic toy.
购买这份早餐食物的人都可得到一件免费的塑料玩具。
⑶The atmosphere in the office is quite free and easy.办公室的气氛很轻松。
⑷The doctor will be free in ten minutes. Can you wait that long?
医生十分钟后有空，你能等一下吗？
⑸She was free from all blame for the accident.那次事故完全不能怪她。
⑹The old lady is never free from/of pain.那位老太太从未摆脱过病痛。
⑺Delivery is free of charge if goods are paid for in advance.如欲付货款就可免费送货。
⑻I got this ticket for free from somebody who didn’t want it.我这张票没花钱，是别人不要的。
*free v. 使自由，免除，解放，使松动
⑴The little boy freed the bird from its cage.那小男孩把笼里的鸟儿放了。
⑵I need to go out. Can you free me for an hour?我需要出去一下，你能让我离开一小时吗？
⑶At last he freed himself from debt.他终于还清了债务。
13. as a result 结果是
as a result of… …的结果
eg.
⑴It rained heavily. As a result, we had to stay at home.雨下得大，结果，我们都得呆在家里。
=We had to stay at home as a result of the heavy rain.
⑵As a result of the pilot’s strike, all flights have had to be cancelled.
由于飞行员罢工，所有的航班被迫取消。
*result in … “引起，导致”，表示结果
result from…“作为…的结果”，表示原因
eg.
⑴The trial resulted in his being sentenced to two years’imprisonment.
审判结果是他被判刑两年.。
⑵Hard work results in success.努力工作就能成功。
⑶The election resulted in a great victory for their party.选举结果，他们的党取得巨大胜利。
⑷Her injury resulted from a fall.她因摔倒而受伤。
⑸The accident resulted from carelessness.事故是因粗心而引起的。
高考题链接：
My friend Martin was very sick with a strange fever; _____, he could neither eat nor sleep.（2005江西高考）
A. as a result B. after all C. any way D. otherwise
分析：本题考查句意及词组辨析能力，“after all”意为“毕竟”，“any way” 意为“无论如何”，“otherwise ”意为“否则的话”。题干前后为因果关系，因此选用as a result。
答案：A
14.reduce
*vt. “减少，缩减，降低”，与to连用时表示“减少到，减低到”，与by连用时表示“减少了，减低了”
eg.
⑴This shirt was greatly reduced in the sale.这种衬衣在大减价时降价很多。
⑵The driver reduced the speed when the car was passing through a town.
当汽车穿过城镇时，驾驶员减慢速度。
⑶Some fat people try to reduce their weight.一些肥胖的人设法减肥。
⑷He won’t reduce the rent of our house.他不肯减收我们的房租。
⑸Her weight has been reduced by 6 kilos.她的体重已减少了六公斤。
*vt. reduce sb./sth. to…使某人/某事物陷入某种（通常指更坏的）状态或状况中
eg.
⑴The fire reduced the house to ashes.这场火灾把那所房子化为灰烬。
⑵Overwork has reduced him to a physical wreck.他过度劳累而损害了健康 。
相似用法：increase by…增加/长了…
increase to…增加/长到…
eg.
⑴The population has increased to 1.9 million now.人口现在已增加到190万。
⑵The rate of inflation has increased by 2﹪.通货膨胀率已增长了2﹪。
高考题链接：
----The cars give off a great deal of waste gas into streets.
----Yes. But I’m sure something will be done to______ air pollution.( 上海高考)
A. reduce B. remove C. collect D. warn
分析：根据题意“汽车向街道排放出大量的废气。是的，但我确信将采取某些措施来减少空气污染”，以及四个选项的词义，此处应选A.
答案：A
15.spread v. 传播，蔓延；铺开，摊开；伸展，扩展
eg.
⑴He spread the news around the town.他在镇上到处传播这一消息。
⑵The bird spread （out）its wings.那只鸟张开了翅膀。
⑶The strike has already spread to other factories.罢工已在其他工厂产生连锁反应。
⑷Fear spread quickly through the village.全村不多久就人心惶惶了。
⑸Flies spread disease.苍蝇传播疾病。
⑹He spread the map out on the floor.他把地图铺在地板上。
⑺Have you seen a desert spreading for hundreds of miles?你见过绵延上百英里的沙漠吗？
短语：spread like wildfire （尤指谣言、传闻、疾病）飞速地传开
spread (sb./oneself ) out 使某人/自己离开其他人或散开
eg.
⑴The news spread like wildfire.消息不胫而走。
⑵The search party spread out over the moor.搜索队在荒草地分散行动。
⑶Don’t all sit together, spread yourselves out.别都挤在一块，分开坐吧。
高考链接：
Papermaking began in China and from here it _______ to North Africa and Europe.（上海春季高考）
A. spread B. grew C. carried D. developed
分析：根据句意“造纸术起源于中国，从这里传播到北非和欧洲”，应选spread
答案：A
16. match
(1) vt. （在品质、颜色、设计等方面与---）相等，相当，相配
The tie matches your suit. 这领带与你的西装相配。
The color of the shirt does not match that of the coat.
衬衫的颜色与上衣不搭配。
The curtain matches the wall very well. 窗帘与墙壁十分搭配。
(2) vi. 相配，相当
These gloves do not match. 这两只手套不配对。
The curtains and carpets match well. 地毯与窗帘很相配。
These shoes do not match, one is large and the other is small.
这双鞋不相配，一只大一只小。
(3) vt. 与---比赛，匹敌
I can match Jack at this game. 我可与杰克在此项目上匹敌。
I often match my strength with my brother’s. 我常和我哥哥较力气。
(4) n. 火柴，比赛
He struck a match to light the room. 他划了根火柴来照亮房间。
There will be a football match between Class 1 and Class 2 this Saturday.
本周六一班与二班之间有场足球赛。
(5) n. 对手
You are no match for me in tennis. 打网球你不是我的对手。
He is more than a match for me. 他是比我高明的对手。
He never met his match in playing computer games. 打电脑游戏，他从未遇到过对手。
Have you found your match? 你遇上对手了吗？
17.a series of 一系列，许多，一套，一组
a series of good harvests 连年的丰收
a series of questions 一系列问题
a series of Long March memorial stamps 一套长征纪念邮票
a series of pictures 连环画
Our army has won a series of victories. 我们军队连战皆捷。
She bought a series of stamps. 她买了一套邮票。
serial adj. 连续的，一系列的，一串的
n. 连续剧，连载小说等
the serial number of a check 一张支票的序号
An exciting new serial story will begin in our next week’s issue.
一个刺激而新颖的连载故事将于下周开始在本刊登出。
I prefer Korean TV serials. 我爱看韩剧。
18. in trouble 处于不幸或困境中
We should help those who are in trouble. 我们应该帮助那些处境困难的人。
Hi! You are in trouble, aren’t you? 你又遇到麻烦了，是不是？
When in trouble, you should turn to your friends for help.
你遇到困难时，应该向朋友求助。
相关链接：
(1) ask/look for trouble 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃
You are asking for trouble yourself! 你真是自讨苦吃！
Forget me, please. Why do you ask for trouble?忘掉我吧，为什么你要自寻烦恼呢？
Don’t ask for trouble by worrying about exams. 别为考试担心而自寻烦恼了。
(2) have trouble in doing/with sth. 做事费劲
I have some trouble in doing my homework. 我做作业有些困难。
Do you have any trouble with grammar? 对付语法你有什么难处吗？
(3) get into/out of trouble 陷入困境，惹麻烦/摆脱困难
Little John was always getting into trouble. 小约翰总是惹麻烦。
He wanted to change for my money but he got into trouble.
他想给我找零钱，但陷入了困难。
If we work hard, we can get out of trouble. 如果我们努力工作，我们可以摆脱困境。
(4) go to the trouble of doing 不辞辛劳地做某事
She went to the trouble of explaining the sentence again.
她特意又解释了一遍那个句子。
She goes to the trouble of trying to advise him to give up smoking.
她不辞辛苦地劝他戒烟。
John went to the trouble of drawing pictures for children.
约翰不辞辛苦地为孩子们作画。
(5) make trouble 闹事，惹麻烦
Don’t make trouble in your classroom. 别在你们教室里捣乱。
My little brother often makes trouble in my study. 我的小弟第常在我的书房捣乱。
(6) be a trouble to do sth. 做某事是件麻烦事
Preparing this dish is a trouble. 准备这道菜是件麻烦事。
She doesn’t want to be a trouble of me. 她不想成为我的麻烦。
19. If only---
a) 从属连词，但它引起的从句却能单独成句，且能表达完整的意思，“要是---就好了”，表达一种不能实现或难以实现的愿望，相当于wish，但语气更强。
b) 从句的谓语要使用虚拟语气，表达现在不可能实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去式；表达过去不能实现的愿望，谓语动词用过去完成式；表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would/could+动词原形或用一般过去式。
If only I had taken his advice! 要是我听了他的建议就好了！
If only I could swim! 我要是会游泳该多好！
If only she had had more courage! 当时她要是再勇敢一点就好了！
If only that photo weren’t missing! 但愿那张照片没有丢失。
If only it would stop raining. 要是雨能停下就好了。
If only I had more money I could buy a car. 要是我有更多的钱我就能买两辆汽车了。
If only we had arrived in time, we would not have missed the train.
要是我们按时到，就不会误车。
c) only if “只有---”，引起陈述语气的真实条件句。
Only if you study harder, you will succeed. 只要更加用功学习，就会成功的。
Only if you try your best, you will not regret in the future.
只有尽了最大的努力，你将来才不会后悔。
20. come across （偶然）发现，遇见（不用于被动语态）
I came across him in the street yesterday. 昨天我在街上遇见了他。
I came across his name on the list. 我无意中在名单上发现了他的名字。
A man was walking through a wood, and he came across a bear.
一个人正在树林里行走，他遇到了一头熊。
He suddenly came across an idea. 他突然有了个主意。
表示“偶然遇见”，还可以用以下短语：
run across, meet with, happen to meet, run into, meet---by chance
It was really unlucky that he met with an accident again.
真倒霉，他又出了一次事故。
考题链接：
He owes me five pounds but I doubt if he’ll ever _____ with it.
A. come up B. come along C. come in D. come across
答案：D
分析：come across (with sth.) “给或交给（钱、资料等）”
21. treat
a) vt. 对待 treat---as/like
They treated me as one of the family, which was very kind of them.
他们把我作为一个家庭成员来对待，他们真是太好了。
I treat him as one of my friends. 我把他当成我的一个朋友来看待。
His wife treats him badly. 他妻子对他不好。
b) vt. 治疗 treat a disease/sb.
He is seriously ill, and is being treated in hospital now.
他病得很重，现正在医院接受治疗。
Are you able to treat his disease? 你能治他的病吗？
I’ll go to the dentist’s to have my teeth treated.我要去牙医那里治疗牙病。
c) vt. vi. 款待，请客 treat sb. to sth.
It’s your turn to treat. 轮到你请客了。
The boy treated himself to a big cake. 那个孩子给自己买了一个大蛋糕。
d) vt. 讨论，探讨
The lecturer treated his subject thoroughly. 那个演讲者对其讲题阐述得很透彻。
The problem has been treated by numerous experts. 这个问题已经由很多专家探讨过了。
e) n. 乐事（尤指不常享用或突如其来者）；款待，招待
It’s a great treat for him to go to Canada. 去加拿大对他来说是一大乐事。
What a treat to get into the peace and quiet of the country!
居住在宁静的乡间真是一件乐事。
This is going to be my treat. 这次我请客。
22. compare v. 比较，和---相比
If you compare British football with American football you’ll find many differences.
你把英式足球同美式足球作一比较，你会发现许多不同之处。
If you compare both of our cars you’ll find they’re very much alike.
把我们这两辆汽车作一比较，你便会发现它们十分相似。
compare---to--- 把---比作---
Poets always compare life to a candle. 诗人们总是把生命比作蜡烛。
He rudely compared my homemade bread to a lump of rock.
他把我家做的面包比作硬石块，真是无礼。
He compares his lover to a rose. 他把情人比作玫瑰。
compare---with/to--- 把---同---相比
He likes to compare me to other kids. 他喜欢把我同其他孩子相比。
Can you compare this computer with that one?
你能将这台电脑同那台做个比较吗？
compared with/to--- 与---比较起来
Compared with/to her mother, she is tall. 和妈妈相比，她比较高。
London is large, compared to/with Paris. 与巴黎相比，伦敦较大。
23. force, power, strength n. 都可表示“力”
force: 主要指使用并表现出来的使人或物体克服阻力、开始或加快运动的力，即实际上做功的力，引申为武力、暴力等。
power: 使用范围广泛，指能做功或起作用的任何力和力量，尤指产生效果的能力；可以是身体的或心理的，外在的或潜存的，固有的或获得的，具体的或抽象的。
strength: 多指人体或物体内存的某种能力，如气力、耐力、抵抗力、争斗力等。
You must use force to open that bottle. 你必须用力打开那个瓶子。
The thief took the money from the old man by force. 小偷用暴力夺走了老人的钱。
I don’t think the United States would come to an end if we lost our power to declare an Act of Congress void.我想如果我们没有力量宣布国会法案无效，美国也不会走向死亡。
The power of the government has increased greatly over the past century.
最近一个世纪以来，政府的权力大大加强了。
He claims to have the power to see into the future.他宣称具有预知未来的能力。
We have enough work to do, and we have strength to do the work.
我们有足够的工作做，也有足够的力量做这些工作。
We are of course a nation of differences. Those differences don’t make us weak. They’re the source of our strength.
当然，我们是一个有着许多不同的国家。这些不同不仅没有削弱我们，它们是我们力量的源泉。
It’s beyond/outside/not within my power to help you.我没有能力帮助你。
The press is a great power in this country. 这个国家里新闻界的影响力非常大。
The strength of feeling on this issue is considerable. 在这个问题上表现出来的情绪很强。
For a small woman she has surprising strength. 她个子虽小但力大惊人。
同步练习：
一、单项选择
1.---I’ve got your invitation.
---Oh, good. ______(2002 北京)
A. Can you come? B. Thanks a lot
C. I’ll take it D. May I help you?
2.---Waiter!
---_____?
---I can’t eat this. It’s too salty.(2000 NMET)
A. Yes, sir B. What C. All right D. Pardon
3.I saw the trees ______ the leaves were black with disease.
A. where B. of which C. their D. whose
4.She spent as much time as she _____ the poor.
A. could to help B. could helping C. was able to help D. wanted to help
5.How about the two of us _____ a walk down the garden?
A. to take B. take C. taking D. to be taking
6.A thief is ____ danger to _______ society.
A. the; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; the
7.The following day she didn’t go to the club. _____ she took a short walk in a park nearby.
A. Therefore B. However C. Instead D. Besides
8.Even though they ____ side by side for 20 years, the two neighbors are not very friendly.
A. have been living B. had been living
C. have been liveD. having been living
9.A new cinema _____ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built C. has been built D. is being built
10.Is it a fact that everyone in your town _____ God?
A. believes B. believe in C. believes in D. believe
11.Bob said he was going to _____ himself to a vacation in the mountains because he had been so tired.
A. press B. add C. touch D. treat
12.I’ll never forget the years ____ I lived in the country with the farmers, _____ has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
二、单词拼写
1.Many rare animals are ______(处于危险中).
2.We _____(测量) the stone and found its weight is 5 tons.
3.He is an ______(专家) in skin disease.
4.His spare time was ______(奉献，投身) to repairing bikes.
5.A large _______(数量) of praise was given to Tom.
6.She often ______(分担) my troubles.
7.There are _______(多种多样) of flowers in the garden.
8.The good news _____(传播，蔓延) in our village.
9.Love, joy, fear are all ______(感情，情绪).
10.Teaching is a pleasant _____(过程).
11.We can’t say that he is a person of poor _______(智力).
12.He was _______(满意的) to win a medal.
13.Our ______(当地的) doctor can’t treat this kind of disease.
14.It’s your turn to _____(请客).
15._____(知识) is power.
三、短文改错
Mrs. Brown was walking near a playground. She was a hurry 1.___________
to visit her four grandchildren. She missed them very much 2.___________
because she had seen them for quite a long time. She was 3.___________
walking while suddenly she saw a ball coming in her 4.____________
direction. She was already in her seventy. Should she kick 5.____________
the ball to send it back and should she just go past leaving6.____________
the ball where it was? Finally with greatly care she 7.____________
gave it a kick. The ball went straight out the goal. How 8._____________
wonderful it was! And she happened to have helped won 9.____________
the match. And all her four grandchildren were on team of 10.___________
the winners.
答案与分析：
一、
1.A 只有A才能表现出诚恳地征求对方的意见，其它答案不符合语境。
2.A Yes表示“什么事？怎么了？”，其中包含着“你有什么指教吗？”是服务员常用语。
3.B which替代先行词trees,还原为the leaves of the trees.
4.B spend some time (in) doing 花时间做某事。
5.C How/What about---? 常用来表示征求对方意见或向对方提出建议，后常接名词、代词或动名词。
6.C 此处danger意思为“危险物或有威胁的人”，是可数名词，前面加不定冠词；society当社会讲时，前不加冠词。
7.C therefore “因此”，表结果；however “但是”，表转折；instead“而是”，表选择；besides“而且”，表递进。
8.A 过去的状态延续到现在，并且现在正在进行，因此用现在完成进行时。
9.D 根据题意可知，新的电影院正在建设之中。
10.C that引导的是fact的同位语从句，believe in “信仰，信奉”。
11.D treat---to--- “款待”
12.B when是关系副词，在第一个定语从句中作时间状语；which是关系代词，在非限定性定语从句中做主语，代整个主句。
二、
1.endangered 2.measured 3.expert 4.devoted 5.amount
6.shares 7.varieties 8.spread 9.emotions 10.process
11.intelligence 12.satisfied 13.local 14.treat 15.Knowledge
三、
1.was后加in
2.正确
3.had后加not
4.while改为when
5.seventy改为seventies
6.and改为or
7.greatly 改为great
8.out 改为into
9.won改为win
10.on 后加the
篇8：高考综合复习：Book 1 Unit 19---22
北 京 四 中
重点词汇、短语与句型
1.depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于
2.and so on 等等（表示列举未尽）
3.tongue twister 绕口令
4.make fun of取笑，嘲笑
5.date back 回溯到
6.make use of利用某事物（某人）
7.be on good terms （with sb.） （与某人）关系好
8.drive off 把（车）开走，赶走，击退
9.look on…as把…看作
10.ahead of （在空间或时间上比某人、某物）更前，更早
11.give sb. a hand 给某人帮助
12.get through 通过，度过，到达
13.tear down弄倒某物，拆除某物
14.hold up 举起
15.make a face 做鬼脸
16.in order 按顺序，整齐
17.sow seeds播种
18.harvest good crops 收获，丰收
19.remove weeds 除草
20.over time随着时间的推移
21.act the role of… 扮演…的角色
22.cross-dressing men 男扮女装
23.roar with laughter 开怀大笑
24.an amusing story 逗乐的故事
25.act out a situation 表演一个场景
26.create a rapid flow of fun 创造出连绵不断的乐趣
27.knock sb. off his bicycle 把某人从自行车上撞下来
28.ride on 继续骑车
29.cut off 切断，突然中止
30.scream one’s way 一路尖叫
31.表示打算和计划：
I will…
I intend to…
I plan/want to…
I’ve decided （not）to…
I am going to…
I hope to…
I wish to…
I hope not…
知识点归纳：
1.over 介词 “在…期间，直到…过完，贯穿（一时间段）”
eg.
⑴Over the next few days they got to know the town well.
在随后的几天里他们就熟悉那个镇子了。
⑵We discussed it over lunch.
我们吃午饭时商议了此事。
⑶In this way over several days the artist and his mouse became good friends.
就这样过了几天，这位艺术家和他的老鼠就成了好朋友。
⑷She had a cold over Christmas.
圣诞节期间她患了感冒。
⑸Some waste rots away over a long period of time.
有些食物要经过好长时间才会腐烂。
⑹Let’s have a chat over a cup of coffee.
咱们边喝咖啡边聊天吧。
*over 做前缀，表示“过多，过度”
overcharge v. 索费过高
overcrowded adj.过分拥挤的
overcoat n. 大衣
overeat v. 吃的过多
overjoyed adj.极高兴
overload v. 装载过重
overreact v. 反应过激
oversleep v. 睡过头
overstay v. 呆得超过（某期限）
overweight adj.超重的
overwork v. 工作过劳或时间过长
overgrowth n. 生长太快，生长过度
高考题链接：
They had a pleasant chat_____ a cup of coffee.（2003北京高考）
A. for B. with C. during D. over
分析：over的意思是“在…期间，直到…过完”，题意为：他们一边喝咖啡一边聊天。
答案：D
2.depend on/upon 依赖，依靠，取决于
短语搭配：
depend on/upon sb. to do 指望某人做某事
depend on/upon + wh-clause取决于
depend on/upon it that… 指望…（it 是形式宾语，that是真正的宾语）
That/It （all） depends. 那得视情况而定
depend on/upon sb. 依赖/依靠某人
depend on/upon sth 取决于…
⑴Whether the game will be played depend on the weather.
比赛是否进行要看天气的好坏。
⑵Our success depends on whether everyone works hard.
我们的成功取决于每个人是否努力。
⑶He depends on his son for support.
他靠儿子供养。
⑷I may help you, but that depends.
我也许帮助你，但得视情况而定。
⑸You may depend on it that he will help you.
你可以指望他来帮助你。
⑹We can depend on him to do it well.
我们可以指望他把事情办好。
⑺I haven’t got a car, so I have to depend on the buses.
我没有汽车，所以我得乘公共汽车。
*dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的
常用于：
be dependent on/upon sb./sth 依赖某人的，取决于某事物
eg.
⑴He is still dependent on his parents.
他仍然依赖父母（补助）。
⑵Success is dependent on how hard you work.
成功取决于努力的程度。
* dependence n. 信赖，依赖，依靠
Find a job and end your dependence on your parents.
找个工作，别再依赖你父母了。
* dependable adj. 可信赖的，可靠的
He is a dependable friend.
他是可信赖的朋友。
高考题链接：
----Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?
----It _______. （2002上海高考）
A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending
分析：本题考查的是“It （all）depends.”（那要看情况而定），也可说成“That （all）depends.”
答案：B
3.couple n. 一对，一双；夫妇
⑴Peter and Jane are a nice couple. Let’s invite them to dinner.
彼得和珍妮夫妇很好，我们请他们吃饭吧。
⑵The couple is/are spending their honeymoon.
这对新婚夫妇正在度蜜月。
短语搭配：a couple of
* 两人，两物
⑴I’ll stay for a couple more hours.
我再多呆两小时。
⑵I saw a couple of men get out.
我看见有两个人出去了。
*几个人，几个事物
She jogs a couple of miles every morning.
她每天早上要慢跑几英里。
辨析：pair : a set of two things which are not used separately from each other
指使用时彼此不能分开的两件东西构成的物品，这两件东西可以连在一起，也可以不连在一起，但缺一不可。
eg.
a pair of glasses 一副眼镜
a pair of trousers 一条裤子
a pair of shoes 一双鞋
a pair of gloves 一副手套
a pair of ear-rings 一对耳环
couple : two things of the same kind 指同一类中的另一个，但并不意味着是同样的，且可分可合
eg. I found a couple of socks in the room but they don’t make a pair.
我在房间里找到了两只袜子，但它们不成一双
4.intend v. 打算，意图
常见搭配：
intend to do打算干某事
intend doing打算干某事
intend for…打算给（某人）或作（某种用途）
intend sb. to do 打算让某人做…
intend that…打算…
⑴I intend that he shall do it.
我打算让他做这件事。
⑵What do you intend to do（或doing）?
你打算怎么做？
⑶The book is intended for the beginners.
这本书是为初学者编的。
⑷Do you intend to study abroad next year?
你打算明年去国外学习吗？
⑸I intend you to take over.
我打算让你来接管。
⑹I don’t intend to listen to this rubbish any longer.
我再也不想听这些无稽之谈了。
5.suffer v.
* 感到疼痛，遭受痛苦，常与from搭配
⑴Do you suffer from headaches?
你常头疼吗？
⑵Sometimes I suffer from toothaches.
有时我遭受牙疼之苦。
⑶It is said that he suffers from high blood pressure.
据说他患有高血压。
⑷The country has always suffered from floods and drought.
这个国家经常遭受水旱灾害。
*受到，遭受
⑴We suffered huge losses in the financial crisis.
我们在金融危机中损失惨重。
⑵She suffered the loss of her students’ respect.
她丧失了学生对她的尊敬。
*忍受，忍耐
⑴I can’t suffer his rudeness.
我不能容忍他的粗鲁无礼。
⑵How can you suffer such insolence?
你怎能忍受这样的侮辱呢？
* suffering n. 痛苦，苦难
⑴The old man died without much suffering.
那位老人死时没有多大痛苦。
⑵Please have pity for others’ sufferings.
请同情他人之痛苦。
高考题链接：
______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.（NMET2001）
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
分析：根据already可知句意为：“河流已遭受如此严重的污染，现在要想清理也许太晚了”，所以此处应用suffer的现在分词的完成式。
答案：A
6.certain/sure常用于以下搭配：
I’m certain/sure that… 我确信…
It’s certain that…（此句型中不能把certain换成sure）
be uncertain about/of… 对…不确信
be certain/sure of/about… 对…确信
Be certain/sure to do sth （构成祈使句，表示“务必要做到…”）
Sb. be certain/sure to do sth （表示主语一定会做某事）
make certain/sure of sth 把…弄确实
make certain/sure that… 务必要…，弄确实
for certain/sure 无疑地，确定地
⑴It is certain that he is honest.
他是个诚实的人是确定无疑的。
⑵I am uncertain about grammar and some idioms.
我对语法及一些习语把握不大。
⑶You’d better make sure that his plane takes off at 8:00.
你最好证实一下他的飞机确实是在8点起飞。
⑷Make sure that she has turned off the gas.
确保她已关上煤气。
⑸Be sure to come to our party if you have time.
如果有时间的话一定要来。
⑹I will go to the theatre and make certain of seats.
我要到戏院去把我们的座位定好（以便有把握到开演时有座位）。
⑺Our football team is certain to win.
我们的足球队一定会赢。
⑻I am sure of success.
我确信自己能赢。
⑼I am certain that he saw me.
我确信他看见了我。
⑽I don’t yet know for certain.
我知道得不确切。
certain adj. 某个，某些
⑴What we are talking about is a certain person I met yesterday.
我们在谈论的是我昨天遇到的某一个人。
⑵The club meets on certain days every month.
俱乐部成员每月于某些确定的日期聚会。
⑶For certain reasons I will be unable to attend the meeting.
因为某些原因，我不能出席这次会议。
⑷A certain Mr. Brown telephoned you while you were out.
你出去的时候，有个叫布朗的先生来过电话。
7.knock sb./sth off…
*把某人/某物从…撞下来
A child ran into the street and knocked her off her bicycle.
一个小孩冲到了街上，把她从自行车上撞下来。
* 减价，杀价
⑴It cost me ＄10 but I’ll knock off 20﹪ as it’s no longer new.
那是我花10美元买的，因为已经旧了我减价20﹪。
⑵The shop assistant knocked ten percent off the bill.
店员将价格削减百分之十。
*停止做某事（尤指工作）
What time do you knock off（work）?
你什么时候下班？
*迅速完成…
He knocked off two chapters in an hour.
他一小时就完成整整两章。
*击倒，打倒
The thief knocked him off his feet and ran away.
小偷把他击倒在地就逃跑了。
*其他knock 短语：
knock sb/oneself out 使某人/自己筋疲力尽
knock sb. down 把某人撞到在地
knock sth down 拆除某物
knock into sb 撞在某人身上
knock at/on （the door/the window） 敲门或窗
knock sb up （敲门、窗等）叫醒某人
⑴She’s knocking herself out with all that wok.
她做的工作把她累得筋疲力尽。
⑵She was knocked down by a car.
她被一辆车撞倒了。
⑶These old houses are going to be knocked down.
这些旧房子将被拆除。
⑷Would you please knock me up at 7 o’clock?
请你7点钟敲门把我叫醒好吗？
8.drive v.
* 驾驶,开车送某人去…
⑴He drives a taxi.
他开计程车。
⑵I drive to work.
我开车去上班。
⑶The man got into the car and drove off.
那名男子钻进了汽车就开走了。
⑷Could you drive me to the station?
你能开车送我去车站吗？
* 驱赶（动物或人）
⑴They were determined to drive the enemy off.
他们决心把敌人赶走。
⑵I was driven out of the club.
我被驱逐出俱乐部。
* （指风或水）卷、刮、冲
⑴The gale drove the ship out of its course.
大风把船吹出了航道。
⑵The rain was driving in our faces.
雨扑面而来。
* 使或逼（某人）处于某种状态或做某事
⑴Hunger drove her to steal.
饥饿逼得她行窃。
⑵The noise will drive me mad.
这噪音会使我发疯的。
* drive-in n. 免下车的影院、餐厅等（顾客可安坐汽车中得到娱乐、饮食服务等）
driving-belt n. 传动皮带
driving-license n. 驾驶执照
driving-test n. 驾驶员为取得驾驶执照的考试
* drive n.
Let’s go for a drive in the country.
我们开车去郊外兜兜风吧。
9.slience
* n. 沉默，寂静
短语搭配：
in science 安静地，无声地，沉默地
keep silence 保持沉默，不讲话
put sb. to silence 驳斥某人，驳得某人哑口无言
break silence打破沉默，开口讲话
⑴We can not pass over the matter in silence.
我们对此事不能保持缄默。
⑵A series of ironclad facts put him to silence.
一系列铁的事实驳得他哑口无言。
⑶The whole ceremony took place in complete silence.
举行仪式的全过程中寂静无声。
⑷He listened to me in silence.
他静静地听我谈话。
*v. 使（某人/某物）沉默，使安静
⑴They tried to silence the noisy crowd.
他们设法使喧闹的人群静下来。
⑵The chairman silenced the meeting.
主席让参加会议的人安静。
*silent adj. 机警的，无声的；沉默的；（指字母）不发音的
⑴The ‘b’ in ‘doubt’ and the ‘w’ in ‘wrong’ are silent.
doubt一词中的b字母和wrong一词中的w字母都是不发音的。
⑵She was silent for a moment, then began her answer.
她沉默了一会，然后开始回答。
10.condition n.
*“状况，现状；健康状况” 不可数名词，但可和a连用，表示某一种状态
短语搭配：
in good condition处于好的状况
in poor condition处于坏的状况
in excellent condition 处于极佳的状况
⑴The ship is in no condition to make a long voyage.
此船的现状不适宜远航。
⑵He is in excellent condition for a man of his age.
他就其年龄而言，身体极好。
⑶I have had no exercise for ages; I’m really out of condition.
我已多时没运动了，现在健康状况欠佳。
⑷His clothes were in a shabby condition.
他的衣服很破旧。
⑸My car is old but in good condition.
我的车很旧，但车况良好。
*“环境，情况” 常用复数形式（conditions）
He was brought up in very difficult conditions.
他是在很艰苦的环境中被抚育长大的。
*“条件” 可数名词
短语搭配：
on condition （that）… 在…条件下，倘若
on no condition 一点也不
⑴One of the conditions of the job is that you should be able to drive.
做这项工作的条件之一是要会开车。
⑵You can go out on condition that you wear an overcoat.
你要穿上外衣才可出去。
⑶You must on no condition tell him what happened.
你决不能把发生的事情告诉他。
11.appreciate vt.
* 欣赏，赏识
⑴You can’t fully appreciate foreign literature in translation.
看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。
⑵I really appreciate a good cup of tea.
有好茶一杯我就真乐在其中了。
⑶You’ll appreciate that book about England after you have been there yourself.
你亲自去过英国的话，你就会欣赏那本关于英国的书。
* 体恤，体谅，体念
⑴You don’t seem to appreciate how busy I am.
你似乎不能体会我多么忙。
⑵I appreciate your problem, but I don’t think I can help.
我理解你的困难，但却爱莫能助。
*感激，感谢
⑴I appreciate your help.
我感激你的帮忙。
⑵I shall appreciate it if you will do me that favour.
如果你能帮忙，我会非常感激的。
*常用搭配：
appreciate doing sth.
⑴I’ll appreciate your calling back this afternoon.
今天下午如果你能回个电话，我将很感激。
⑵We shall appreciate hearing from you again.
我们将乐于再收到你的信。
⑶We greatly appreciate your timely help.
我们非常感谢你们的及时帮助。
*appreciative adj. 感激的；有欣赏力的
appreciation n. 欣赏
高考题链接：
I really appreciate _________ to relax with you on this nice island.（2001上海高考）
A. to have had time B. having time C. to have time D. to having time
分析：本题考查appreciate的用法搭配。此处appreciate意为“欣赏”，其后不能接动词不定式作宾语，而只能用名词或动名词
答案：B
12.date
* n. 日期，（和异性的约会）
⑴Has the date of the meeting been fixed?
开会的日期决定了吗？
⑵I have a date with my girlfriend tonight.
我今晚和女朋友有个约会。
短语搭配：
out of date 不再流行的，过时的；过期的
up to date 现代的，时髦的
⑴Will denim jeans ever go out of date?
粗布牛仔裤会过时吗？
⑵My passport is out of date.
我的护照已过期了。
⑶She wears clothes that are right up to date.
她穿着最时髦的衣服
* v. 注明…的日期；约会
⑴His last letter was dated 24May.
他最后一封信的日期是5月24日。
⑵They’ve been dating for a long time.
他们一直频频约会。
⑶I only dated her once.
我和她只约会过一次。
短语搭配：date back to /from 追溯到，始于
⑴This castle dates back to the 14th century.
这座城堡建于14世纪。
⑵The Great Wall dates from the third century BC.
长城始建于公元前三世纪。
考题链接：
These old buildings possibly _____ the Ming Period.
A. are dated back to B. date from C. are dated from D. date back
分析：date from和date back to 都无被动形式。
答案：B
13.offer
(1)offer to do 主动提出做---
He offered to lend me his dictionary.
他主动提出要把字典借给我。
She offered to get some tickets for the students.
她主动提出要给那几个学生弄几张票。
She offered to help me learn Russian.
她提出帮我学俄语。
Each of them offered to be a guide for the tourists.
他们每个人都自愿给游客当向导。
(2)offer (sb.) sth. 主动拿给
The teacher offered me her raincoat.
老师要把雨衣借给我。
Many people willingly offered their blood.
很多人自愿献血。
No food was offered at the party.
聚会时没有食品。
They offered us some money, which we refused politely.
他们要给我们一些钱，我们婉言谢绝了。
(3)offer sth. 提出，表示，出价
We all went to offer congratulations.
我们都前去表示祝贺。
Jeff offered a new suggestion.
杰夫提出了一个新建议。
The boss in that company came personally to offer us apologies.
那个公司的老板亲自来向我们道歉。
They offered him 3,000 yuan to buy the laptop.
他们出3，000元买他的笔记本电脑。
(4)n.
Practice making offers and requests.
练习提供请求和帮助。
Thank you for your offer of help.
你表示愿意帮忙，我十分感激。
Thank you for your kind offer to lend me your car.
你愿意借车子给我，十分感激。
I’ve had an offer of 10,000 yuan for my motorbike.
有人出一万元买我的摩托车。
高考链接：
When _____ help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”. (NMET2005福建)
A. offering B. to offer C. to be offered D. offered
答案 D
分析 offer的逻辑主语是one，构成被动关系，用过去分词作状语。
14.way
(1)方式，方法，方向
Can you tell how they are feeling today by the way they sit or stand?
通过他们坐立的方式，你能够判断他们今天的心情吗？
Generally, newspapers follow the American way.
一般说来，报纸遵循美国方式。
Could you tell me the way to the station?
你能指点我去车站的路吗？
Is this the way you do it?
这就是你做那件事的方式吗？
Look this way, please.
请向这边看。
(2)有关短语：
in the way 挡路
in a way 在某种程度上
on the/one’s way 在路上
out of the way奇特，不寻常
by the way 顺便说
by way of 由，经过
lose one’s way迷路
feel one’s way摸索前进
make way for 为---让路
push one’s way挤着向前
15.go ahead
(1)说吧，干吧，开始干
At first, I didn’t have enough courage to go ahead.
开始我没有足够的勇气干这件事。
---May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗？
---Yes, go ahead! 请说吧。
They went ahead to rebuild their school after the earthquake.
地震以后他们开始重建学校。
If you think you can do the work, just go ahead.
如果你认为你能做那工作，那就做吧。
(2)继续前进
Go straight ahead, then turn right at the second crossing.
一直向前走，第二个十字路口右拐。
You go ahead and I will come later.
你先走，我随后就来。
He went ahead of us to tell the good news to his parents.
他走在我们前面去告诉他父母这个好消息。
(3)go ahead with sth.
We are going ahead with the task given to us.
我们正在做交给我们的工作。
The teacher asked us to go ahead with our discussion.
老师要我们继续讨论。
Just go ahead with your work. Don’t care what others think.
继续你的工作，别管别人怎么想。
16.vary
(1)vi. 变化，差异
Opinions on the matter vary from person to person.
对这件事的看法因人而异。
The students’ work varies considerably in size.
学生作业的质量参差不齐。
---What time do you start to work?
---It varies.
---你什么时间开始工作？
---看情况而定。
The prices vary from season to season.
价格随季节变化而有所不同。
His mood varied from day to day.
他的情绪每天都有变化。
(2)vt. 使变化
You can vary the speed at will.
你可以随意变化速度。
You should often vary your diet.
你的饮食应该经常变换花样。
(3) varied adj. 多样的
They are rich in content and varied in style.
他们内容丰富，风格多样。
The explanations of this fact are varied.
这一事实的说法多样。
The workers enjoyed a full and varied cultural life.
工人的文化生活丰富多彩。
17.get through, go through
(1)都可表示“通过；用完”
The man was so fat that he couldn’t get/go through the door.
那人胖得连那扇门都过不去。
The plan will have to get/go through the leading group of the school.
本学期计划得经校领导班子通过。
I have got/gone through three pairs of shoes in a month.
我一个月穿坏了三双鞋。
(2)又各有其含义：go through 检查；看一遍；经历（痛苦，困难）
get through 通过考试；接通电话
I got through everything except English.
除英语外我别的都及格了。
I can’t get through to Beijing. The line is busy.
我打不通北京的电话，占线。
I went through my homework to make sure that nothing had been missed.
我将作业检查了一遍，以确定什么都没有漏掉。
Go through the text from the beginning.
把课文从头看一遍。
She must have gone through a lot.
她一定吃了不少苦。
高考链接：
I couldn’t ____. The line was busy. (NMET2005浙江)
A. go by B. go around C. get in D. get through
答案 D
分析 get through这里表示接通电话。
18.attract
(1) vt. 吸引，引诱，引起
The concert attracted a great number of people.
音乐会吸引了许多人。
What do you think attracts people to big cities?
你认为吸引人们到大城市的原因是什么？
Magnets attract iron.
磁石吸铁。
Something in the dark attracting my attention was a cat.
黑暗中吸引我注意力的是只猫。
(2) attraction n. 可数名词表示“诱人之处；吸引人的地方（东西）”；不可数名词表示“魅力”。
To be honest, I can’t tell what the attraction of this building is.
老实说，我说不出这座建筑物有何诱人之处。
There are a lot of scenic attractions of China on the banks of Yangze River.
长江两岸有许多中国的风景名胜。
She still has attraction, wearing a not-so-fashion dress.
尽管穿着不太时髦的衣服，她依然富有魅力。
高考链接：
The company is starting a new advertising campaign to _____ new customers to its stores. (NMET2005上海)
A. join B. attract C. stick D. transfer
答案 B
分析 这里表示“吸引新的顾客”，用attract。
19.risk
(1) risk + n./pron./doing
You should not risk your health for the job.
为那份工作你不值得用健康冒险。
It’s not so necessary to risk injury.
没必要冒受伤的风险。
Are you willing to risk being punished for such a trifle?
你甘愿为一件小事冒受惩罚的危险吗？
(2) n. take/run the risk (of doing )
Sometimes we have to run/take the risk of losing at the moment so as to gain finally.
有时为了有所得，我们必须冒暂时有所失的风险。
The damage of his house by fire has to be at his own risk as it was caused by his smoking.
由于他本人吸烟导致房屋被烧，损失只能由他自己负责。
高考链接：
He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk ____ the good opportunity.
(NMET2005 上海)
A. to lose B. losing C. to be lostD. being lost
答案 B
分析 risk doing, 这里主语he和lose是主动关系。
同步练习：
一、单词拼写
1.How well your plants will grow depends on the quality and c______ of the soil.
2.Such a thin coat gives little p_______ against the cold.
3.These plants produce a number of thin r________.
4.Scientists have made many important d________ in recent years.
5.He is very ________（幽默）, he does know how to make people laugh.
6.The teacher tried to ________（使安静）the noisy students.
7.The driver _______（刹车）suddenly as a child ran onto the road in front of him.
8.I’d a_______ it if you let me know in advance whether or not you will be coming.
9.The man tried to ______（避免）answering him.
10.The crowd p_____ and let the policemen through.
11.“It’s a lie！” he shouted in ______（生气）.
12.A number of changes have o_______ in our town in recent years.
13.Have you seen his stamp c_______?
14.A successful _______（设计师）of dresses has to know the latest fashions.
15.The Eiffel Tower is one of the most popular a________ in Paris.
二、单项选择：
1.Special attention should be paid _____ our earth from _____.
A. to stop, pollutedB. to stopping, being polluted
C. to stopping, polluting D. to stop, polluting
2.I really appreciate _____ to relax with you on this nice island.
A. to have had timeB. having time
C. to have time D. to having time
3.---Will you go skiing with me this winter vacation?
---It ______.
A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending
4.These old buildings possibly _____ the Ming Period.
A. are dated back to B. date from C. are dated from D. date back
5.---I haven’t heard form Henry for a long time.
---What do you suppose _____ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen C. has happened D. had happened
6.The moment she _____ the report tomorrow, she will hand in at once.
A. finishes to write B. will finish C. finished writing D. finishes writing
7.They had a pleasant chat _____ a cup of coffee.
A. for B. with C. during D. over
8.It was _____ I went there _____I began to know something about the matter.
A. until, when B. until, that C. not until, that D. not when, that
9.Read _____ if you don’t know how to operate it.
A. the direction B. a direction C. the directions D. direction
10.The idea ____ to him in his dream and he decided to carry it out.
A. happened B. struck C. appeared D. occurred
11.Do you think that mixed ability classes _____ the better students?
A. hold back B. hold up C. hold down D. hold off
12._____ in the queue for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home.
A. To wait B. Have waited C. Having waited D. To have waited
13.Hearing the gunshot, all the birds flew ____ every direction.
A. in B. on C. to D. toward
14.Don’t _____ the notice. It should be kept for a week.
A. tear down B. put down C. turn down D. knock down
15.Finishing the task is very difficult but I can ____ it.
A. try B. do C. fail D. manage
三、短文改错：
It had rained for several days. I felt bored. Fortunately, it became
very fine on last Sunday morning. So I got up early and decided 1._________
to go for a walk and took some photos in the beautiful country. 2.__________
After breakfast, I carried camera with me and set off.3.__________
Everything did smoothly, I enjoyed my trip so much that I didn’t4.__________
realize the weather had turned badly again. I began to run 5._________
and it was too lately. I was caught in the rain and was6.________
wet thoroughly. I went on ran until I got 7.________
the bus stop. I stood there waiting a long time for the8._________
bus, shivering with cold. Shortly after I got home, 9._________
I had a high fever, that made me stay in bed for a whole week！ 10.________
答案与分析：
一、
1.condition 2.protection 3.roots 4.discoveries 5.humorous
6.silence 7.braked 8.appreciate 9.avoid 10.parted
11.anger 12.occurred 13.collection 14.designer 15.attractions
二、
1.B pay attention to中的to 是介词，所以用stopping，表示“阻止地球被污染”，用being polluted。
2.B appreciate doing sth. 欣赏/喜欢做某事。
3.B It/ That all depends 那要看情况而定。
4.B date back to/date from 无被动语态，表示“追溯到---”。
5.C 去掉答语中的插入语do you suppose,句子结构一目了然，what has happened to him?
6.D the moment引起时间状语从句，用一般现在时替代一般将来时。
7.D over在这里表示“一边---一边”。
8.C not until用于强调句中，强调句中的定语从句用that引导。
9.C the directions 说明书，用复数。
10.D happen的主语一般是人或it; B需要去掉to; appear 没有这种用法；occur to 表示出现在头脑中。
11.A hold back妨碍；hold up 延误，耽搁
12.C wait发生在realize之前，与句子主语构成主动关系，因此用现在分词完成时。
13.A in---direction 在---方向
14.A tear down 撕毁，撕掉
15.D manage it 设法对付，设法完成
三、
1.去掉onlast前面不能加介词
2.took-----take take photos和go for a walk是平行结构
3.在camera前面加 a/my camera是可数名词
4.did-----went go意为“进展”
5.badly----bad turn是系动词，其后应接形容词
6.lately----late lately意为“最近”，late意为“晚的”
7.ran----running go on doing表示“继续做某事”
8.在第一个the 前面加to get to表示 “到达”
9.正确
10.that----which that不能引导非限制性定语从句
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